resp mechanics Flashcards
major inspiratory muscles
diaphragm and externla intercostalsac
accessory muscles of inspiration
onyl during forceful inspiration
sternocleidomastoid, scalenus and pectoral
muscles of active expiration
abdominla muscles and internal intercostals
tidal volume
volume of air entering of leaving lungs during a singlr breatj
inspiratory resrve volume
Extra volume of air that can be maximally inspired over and above the typical resting tidal volume
Expiratory reserve volume
Extra volume of air that can be actively expired by maximal contraction beyond the normal volume of air after a resting tidal volume
residual volume
Minimum volume of air remaining in the lungs even after a maximal expiration
inspiratory capacity
Maximum volume of air that can be inspired at the end of a normal quiet expiration
functional residual capacity
Volume of air in lungs at end of normal passive expiration
vital capacity
Maximum volume of air that can be moved out during a single breath following a maximal inspiration
total lung capacity
total volume of air the lungs can hold
can residual volume be measured by spirometry
no
when does residual volume increase
when elastic recoil of lungs is lost; emphysema
total lung capacity calc
Vital Capacity + Residual Volume
FVC
maximum volume that can be forcibly
Expelled from the lungs following a maximum inspiration
FEV1
volume of air that can be expired during the first second of expiration in an FVC (Forced Vital Capacity) determination
fev/fvc ratio in asthmatics
<75%
ratio in copd post bronchodilator
<70%
ratio in restrictive
both reduced so ratio normal
effect of parasympathetic stimulation on lungs
bronchoconstrictionm
sympathetic stimulaton
bronchodilaiton
compliance
measire of effort that as to go into stretching or distending the lungs
the less compliant lungs are ..
the more wokr required ot produce a given degree of inflation
what might decreased pulmonary compliance show on spirometry
restrictive pattern
