Resp Intro

Question 1

Primary Functions of the Respiratory System

Answer 1

1. Ventilation and Gas exchange
2. Filtering warming and humidifying inhaled air
3. Sound production (phonation)
4. Sense of smell
5. Metabolism or hormones (angiotensin converting enzyme ACE in lung cells)
6. Acid-base balance

Question 2

External respiration

Answer 2

The exchange of gases between the atmosphere and blood

Question 3

Internal respiration

Answer 3

Gas exchange between capillary blood and the cells in tissues

Question 4

Cellular respiration

Answer 4

The use of oxygen by cells to produce ATP by oxidizing glucose

Question 5

Upper Airway division

Answer 5

Connects the nasal and oral openings with the esophagus and trachea
-nasopharynx
-oropharynx
-laryngopharynx

Question 6

Larynx (voice box)

Answer 6

Separates the upper and lower parts of the respiratory system protects the trachea

Question 7

Lower airways division

Answer 7

-Trachea largest conducting airway
-Lined with ciliated epithelium and mucus secreting goblet cells that collectively move material upward
-Supported by C-shaped rings made of hyaline cartilage which prevents the collapse of main airway

Question 8

What are the two lungs separated by

Answer 8

The mediastinum

Question 9

Right and left lung structure

Answer 9

Right lung has superior, middle and inferior lobes
Left lung has superior and inferior lobes only
Apex of the lung is the pointed top and the base is the concave inferior portion
-Alveoli which are microscopic air sacs and associated capillaries and elastic connective tissue

Question 10

Trachea divides and forms right and left primary bronchi (plural of bronchus)

Answer 10

Primary bronchus divides into secondary or lobar bronchi, one for each lung lobe

Secondary bronchi divide into tertiary or segmental bronchi
One segmental bronchus for each bronchopulmonary segment
tertiary bronchi give rise to smaller bronchi

Bronchi subdivide and become smaller they lose their cartilage and become bronchioles (susceptible to collapse without structural support)

Terminal bronchioles are slightly smaller branch extensions of the bronchioles

Alveoli

Question 11

Bronchopulmonary segments

Answer 11

Portion of the lung that is supplied by a tertiary bronchus
The right lung has 10 bronchopulmonary segments
The left lung has 8 bronchopulmonary segments

Each is divided into smaller lobules

Question 12

Respiratory / Diffusion zone

Answer 12

Each terminal bronchioles supplies a single lung lobule (small segment of lung wrapped in connective tissue)

-contains a lymph

Question 13

Alveoli - The functional unit of the lung

Answer 13

A typical long has 500 million alveoli
97% of alveolar wall contains - type I alveolar cells - very thin simple squamous epithelial cells
3% are type 2 alveolar cells which secrete surfactant that prevents alveoli from collapsing during exhalation (reduces surface tension)

Question 14

Pulmonary blood supply

Answer 14

Nutritional pulmonary flow: lung tissue receives oxygenated blood from the bronchial arteries

Pulmonary flow: pulmonary arteries supply the lung capillaries w/deoxygeneed blood (each lung lobule receives a branch of the pulmonary artery )

Pulmonary capillaries connect with arterioles with the pulmonary venules which ultimately drain into pulmonary veins