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Y2 S1 Immunology > Resp Immunology, Allergy, Host Defence > Flashcards

Resp Immunology, Allergy, Host Defence Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Lymph Nodes of the Lungs

A
  • Pulmonary Lymph Nodes (in angles of bifurcation of lobar bronchi)
  • Bronchopulmonary Hilar Lymph Nodes (in Lung Hilum)
  • Tracheobronchial Lymph Nodes (above or below the trachial bifurcation)
  • Paratracheal Lymph Nodes (each side of trachea)
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2
Q

What is BALT and what does it do?

A
  • Additional lymphoid tissue
  • Acquires antigens from airways & initiates local immune repsonses
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3
Q

What are some elements of the Innate Immune System?

A
  • Epithelial barriers
  • Phagocytes
  • Dendritic Cells
  • NK Cells
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4
Q

What are some elements of the Adaptive Immune System?

A
  • B lymphocytes
  • Antibodies
  • T lymphocytes
  • Effector T Cells
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5
Q

Why is the Lamina Propria important in Immunity?

A

Rich in:
- Plasma cells
- Effector T cells
- Macrophages
- Mast Cells

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6
Q

Describe Mucociliary Transport

A

= important defense mechanism to protect body against invading particles including bacteria
- Goblet cells secrete mucus
- Cilia stick out from laminal surface -> beat in asymmetric rhythm to move mucus

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7
Q

Function of Resp Epithelial Cells

A
  • Express pattern recog receptors (like TLRs & NODs)
    When activated:
  • secrete chemokines & cytokines -> recruit immune cells
  • secrete antimicrobial compounds into lumen
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8
Q

How do Immune Cells regulate the function of the Epithelial Barrier?

A
  • Immune cells in lamina propria and BALT secrete IL-22
  • IL-22 promotes epithelial proliferation and barrier integrity
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9
Q

What are the 2 types of Lung Macrophages and what do they do?

A

Alveolar Macrophages:
- well positioned to phagocytose inhaled particles
Interstitial Macrophages:
- activated if barrier is breached

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10
Q

What is the action of Macrophages?

A
  1. Recognise pathogens through pattern recog receptors (Toll-like receptors - TLR-4, TLR-6, etc.// Mannose receptors, Scavenger receptors)
  2. Pattern recog leads to inflamm and leucocyte recruitment
  3. Vasodilation, increased permeability, heat and swelling
  4. Inflamm cells migrate into tissue releasing inflamm mediators causing pain
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11
Q

Where are Microfold (M) Cells and what do they do?

A

Where:
- line epithelium adjacent to the BALT
Function:
- M Cells transport antigen along basal surface to the APCs

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12
Q

What do Cytotoxic T cells do?

A

Kill virus-infected host cell

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13
Q

What do CD4+ T cells differentiate into?

A
  • T helper cells
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14
Q

What do T helper cells do?

A
  • Activate B cells to differentiate into plasma cells
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15
Q

What is IgA and the 2 types?

A
  • Major immunoglobulin (Antibody) in the mucosal tract
  • Serum IgA and Secretory IgA
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16
Q

What is IgE

A

causative antibody in allergic responses

17
Q

Describe Serum IgA

A
  • binds to FcaR on innate immune cells
    IgA binding leads to:
  • Phagocytosis
  • Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
  • Pro-inflamm cytokine prod
18
Q

Describe functions Secretory IgA

A
  • Neutralise pathogens & toxins
  • Neutralise antigens
  • Export toxins and pathogens from lamina propria to be secreted
19
Q

Describe Mast Cells

A
  • express Fc receptors for IgE
  • up IgE binding, mast cell degranulates releasing histamines, cytokines, secondary mediators
20
Q

What is the Acute Response for Allergic Asthma?

A
  • Histamines & secondary mediators drive this response
  • increase mucus
  • increased smooth muscle contraction -> potential air way obstruction
21
Q

What is the Chronic Response for Allergic Asthma?

A
  • cytokines drive late response
  • eosinophil products
22
Q

What leads to Mast Cell Degranulation?

A
  1. Dendritic cells capture allergen and present peptides on MHC II
  2. Dendritic cells drive Th2 differentiation
  3. Th2 cells secrete IL-4
  4. IL-4 drives B cells to make IgE specific for allergen
23
Q

What do Th2 Cells secrete?

A
  • IL4
  • IL5
  • IL13
  • All drive allergic response

Y2 S1 Immunology (1 decks)

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