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Board Review - C - Respiratory > Resp I > Flashcards

Resp I Flashcards

1
Q

conducting zone

A

anatomic dead space

no exchange

cartilage and goblet cell - to end of bronchi

pseudostratified ciliated columnar cell - to beginning of terminal bronchioles - then cuboidal

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2
Q

respiratory zone

A

gas exchange

cuboidal in resp bronchioles

simple squamous alveoli

cilia terminated resp bronchioles

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3
Q

type I pneumocte

A

line alveoli

  • squamous
  • gas echange
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4
Q

law of laplace

A

alveoli higher tendency to collapse as get smaller

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5
Q

type II pneumocyte

A

secrete surfactant
stem cells

cuboidal and clostered

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6
Q

surfactant maturity

A

lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio greater than 2

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7
Q

club cell

A

clara cell

noncilited - columnar/cuboidal

secretory granules

secrete component of surfactant

  • degrade toxins
  • reserve cells
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8
Q

lung lobes

A

left 3
left 2 and lingula - homolog right middle

right main stem bronchus - foreign object - wider and vertical

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9
Q

aspiration

A

upright - lower portion right inferior lobe

supine - superior right inferior lobe

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10
Q

diaphragm structures

A

I ate ten eggs at 12.

IVC - T8
esophagus - T10
aorta - T12

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11
Q

trachea bifurcation

A

T4

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12
Q

carotid birurcation

A

C4

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13
Q

aorta bifurcation

A

L4

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14
Q

lung volume

A

IRV - TV - ERV with normal breathing

RV - after max expiration
IC - IRV + TV
FRC - RV + ERV - all below tidal volume
VC - IRV + TV + ERV - max inspired and expired

total lung capacity - TLC
TLC = RV + ERV + TV + IRV

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15
Q

physiologic dead space

A

anatomic + alveolar dead space

apex - largest alveolar dead space

Vd = Vt x (PaCO2 - PECO2) / PaCO2

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16
Q

minute ventilation

A

volume gas enter lung per minute

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17
Q

at functional residual capacity

A

low end of tidal volume

system pressure is atmospheric

airway and alveolar P = zero

and intrapleural - is negative

18
Q

compliance

A

change in volume with change in pressure

  • decreased - pulm fibrosis, pneumonia, edema
  • increased - emphysema, aging
19
Q

fetal Hb

A

2a 2 gamma

20
Q

HbA

A

2a 2B
taut - deox form - low affinity O2
R relaxed - high affinity for O2

21
Q

Cl, H, CO2, 2,3 BPG, high temp

A

favor taut form over relaxed

shift dissociation curve right - more unloading

22
Q

tx methemoglobin

A

methylene blue

23
Q

methemoglobin

A

Fe3 - low O2 - affinity for cyanide - ferric

Fe2 - ferrous - high O2 affinity

24
Q

tx cyanide poisoning

A

induce methemoglobin

-nitrite followed by thiosulfate

25
Q

carboxyHb

A

bound CO

left shift O2 dissociation curve
-less unloading

tx - 100% O2

26
Q

sigmoid dissociation O2 curve

A

bc 4 binding site

-higher affinity for each O2 bound

27
Q

linear dissociation O2 curve

A

for myoglobin

-bc bas single O2 - monomeric

28
Q

HbF

A

high affinity O2

-shift curve left

29
Q

O2 content of blood

A

(O2 binding capacity x % saturation) + dissolved O2

30
Q

CO poisoning O2 content

A

low O2 content

normal Hb
normal dissolved O2 - PaO2
low % sat Hb - CO compete with O2

31
Q

anemia O2 content

A

low O2 content

low Hb
normal % O2 sat of Hb
normal PaO2

32
Q

polycythemia O2 content

A

high O2 content

elevated Hb
normal % sat Hb
normal PaO2

33
Q

pulmonary circulation regulation

A

hypoxia - low PAO2 - vasoconstriction

blood to well ventialted region o lung

34
Q

perfusion limited

A

healthy O2, CO2, N2O

gas equilibrate early along length of capillary
diffusion increase increase if blood flow increase

35
Q

diffusion limited

A

O2 - emphysema and fibrosis, CO

gas does not equilibrate by end of capillary

36
Q

pulmonary wedge pressure

A

left atrium pressure

37
Q

pulm vasc resistance

A

inverse to radius ~4

38
Q

A-a gradient

A

normal - 10-15 mmHg

elevated - with hypoxemia - shunt, V/Q mismatch, fibrosis

39
Q

hypoxemia

A

low PaO2

normal A-a gradient
-high altitude, hypoventilation

high A-a gradient
-V/Q mismatch, diffusion limitation, R to L shunt

40
Q

hypoxia

A

low O2 to tissue

low CO
hypoxemia
anemia
CO poisoning

41
Q

ischemia

A

low blood flow

low arterial flow
impaired vein drainage

Board Review - C - Respiratory (3 decks)

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