Resp Final Flashcards by Avery Clausen

The autonomic nervous system is comprised of the ____ and ___ systems

Parasympathetic + sympathetic

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The chemical portion of the nerve transmission is referred to as _____

Neurotransmitters

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The ____ drug phase describes the mechanisms of drug action, by which a drug molecule causes its effect in the body

Pharmacodynamis

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The primary uses for using neuromuscular blocking agents are:

Muscle paralysis
Facilitate endotracheal intubation
Facilitate mechanical ventilation

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The term describing the effects of medication on the heart rate is ____

Chronotropic

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RT’s primarily use ____ as a medication to break down secretions

Mucomyst

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____ medications form the basis of respiratory care drugs that stimulate bronchodilator or prevent bronchoconstriction

Anti-cholinergic

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____ is used to reverse narcotic induced respiratory depression

Narcan

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When giving epinephrine via ETT during a code, the adult dose may be given in doses ____ times the IV dose

2-2.5

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Ribavirin is used to treat ____

RSV

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The duration of salmeterol is ___ hours

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Dornase Alfa (Pulmozyme) is indicated in the management of ____

Cystic fibrosis

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To reverse or lessen the degree of airflow obstruction is the indication for ___ bronchodilators use

Adrenergic

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The aerogen is an example of a ____ nebulizer

Vibrating mesh

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____ is what the respiratory therapist recommendation should be to prevent Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients infected with HIV

Pentamidine

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____ is the drug of choice for intubation

Anectine

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Activation of the ___ receptor site causes bronchodilation

Beta-2

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____ is used to increase the heart rate

Atropine

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___ is common antihypertensive that is commonly used to decrease SVR and PVR

Nipride

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_____ will cause you to have vasodilation, decreased BP, and decreased CO

Nitroglycerin

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_____ blocking agents include Curare, Pavulon, and Anectine

Neuromuscular

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Epinephrine can be repeated during a code every ____ according to ACLS protocol

3 min

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Several attempts to insert a CVP catheter into the right subclavian vein of a patient who is being mechanically ventilated have been unsuccessful. Immediately the B/P drops, there is a significant increase in the PIP, and the breath sounds are absent over the right upper chest. Which of the following should the respiratory therapist recommend?

Begin cardiac compressions

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The Fick equation calculates ___

Cardiac Output

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The amount of blood ejected from the LV during one cardiac cycle is called ___

Cardiac Output

Inflation of the balloon in the pulmonary artery (PCWP) will give you what readings either directly or indirectly:

LV PCWP LA PAP

An abnormally high or low reading from a pulmonary artery catheter is most likely caused by the ___

Transducer level

PCWP should not be maintained for greater than ___ to prevent the occurrence of pulmonary infarcation

15 seconds

The waveform depicted below was generated as a pulmonary artery catheter was floated into position. Section B of the tracing represents ____

Right ventricular pressure

____ is the bet-known index of cardiac output when VO2 is known

CaO2-CVO2

____ reflects pulmonary artery pressure

PCWP

C.O.

4-8 L

PCWP

4-12 torr

SVR

15-20 torr/L/min

PVR

1-3 torr/L/min

CVP

0-8 torr

PAP

25/10

Common substances of emboli include

Fat Blood clot Air

In patients with suspected pulmonary thromboembolism whose ordinary x-rays are negative, what procedure would best help to establish a diagnosis?

CT w/ contrast or V/Q scan

Dead space ventilation is ____ with pulmonary embolism

Increased

If a patient goes into ventricular tachycardia and a pulse is not obtainable, ____ is the correct treatment in this situation

Defibrillation

What are the 3 medication that will prevent blood clots

Coumadin, heparin, warfarin sodium

To control pain and anxiety for an acute MI you would use ____

Morphine sulfate

You would see a ___ area with ___ lung markings present, if it was indicated there was presence of a pneumothorax on a chest x-ray

Dark, no

Treatment of the pulmonary emboli includes

Heparin, streptokinase, oxygen

Myocardial ischemia is a reversible reduction of ___ to the heart

Blood supply

The most likely origin for venous thrombi are the _____

Deep veins of the lower extremities

In most patients with pulmonary embolism, ___ is noted on the arterial blood gas finding

Hypoxemia

An increased PCWP may indicate ____ or ____

Left sides heart failure, mitral stenosis

The greatest risk of thrombolytic therapy is _____

Hemorrhage

Closure of the pulmonic and aortic valves is noted by the ____

Diacrotic notch

The RCP is assisting the physician in the insertion of a Swan_Ganz catheter. The patient is hemodynamically stable at the time. The therapist would know the catheter tip has entered the pulmonary artery when ___ mmHg pressure is observed

25/10

____ is the most important initial treatment for an MI patient

Oxygen

T or F: Anticoagulants dissolve existing clots

False

____ is effective in destroying existing clots

Streptokinase

____ is used for the management of supra ventricular arrhythmias as well as ventricular rate control for atrial fib

Adenoside

This EKG change represents myocardial ischemia ___

T wave changes

This EKG change represents myocardial injury ____

ST changes

This EKG change represents myocardial infarction

Abnormal Q waves

____ should be assessed and monitored when delivering aggressive diuretic therapy

Electrolytes

Diuretics increase the loss of ___

K+

Low doses of ___ are used to increase cardiac output

Dopamine

_____ is characterized by acute circulatory failure, hypotension, and multi-organ failure

Septic shock

Pulmonary edema may suggest a ____ problem

Left-ventricular failure

Management of ____ includes digoxin, mechanical ventilation and/or lasix

Pulmonary edema

Clinical signs of a patient with ___ include rales, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and peripheral edema

Pulmonary edema

Contributing factors for sepsis include:

Diabetes mellitus Cirrhosis Leukopenic states Urinary tract infection

The pulmonary edema patient will commonly have this type of secretions _____

Pink and frothy

Oxygen therapy and CPAP or Bi-PAP can be very effective for heart failure because it provides oxygenation by all the following mechanisms:

Decrease WOB Improve gas exchange Reduce pulmonary congestion

Clinical problems associated with ____ include oxygen toxicity and sepsis

ARDS

____ pulmonary edema seen with ARDS patients

Non-cardiogenic

Increased static compliance, increased cardiac output, and decreased intrapulmonary shunting would demonstrate that an increased ___ level has been beneficial for a mechanically ventilated patient

PEEP

Auscultation in a pulmonary edema patient reveals bi-basilar crackles and scattered wheezes throughout all lung fields. The therapist should suggest ____

Furosemide

To manage a mechanically ventilated patient with ARDS, increasing the ___ would decrease intrapulmonary shunting

PEEP

The pathophysiology of ____ includes decreased compliance, decreased lung volume, decreased resistance increased V/Q mismatch, an tissue hypoxia

Pulmonary edema

Bacteria produces changes in circulation and tissue perfusion is critically reduced with ___

Sepsis

Reaction of the respiratory system to high levels of physiologic stress is ___

ARDS

Altered permeability of capillary endothelial cells, increased quantity of fluid in interstitial space is _____

Pulmonary edema

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in lung tissue/alveolar spaces which result from abnormal heart function is ____

CHF