Resp Exam Signs Flashcards
Give 3 signs you would expect in COPD
Any 3 of:
- Pursed lip breathing
- Barrel chest
- Use of accessory muscles
- CO2 retention flap
- Central/peripheral cyanosis
What is stridor?
An inspiratory noise caused by partial obstruction of the airway at or below the larynx
What is a wheeze?
An expiratory noise caused by lower airway narrowing
Give 4 respiratory causes of clubbing
- CF
- TB
- Lung cancer
- Pulmonary fibrosis
Differentiate peripheral cyanosis from central in terms of where it would be seen and the pathophysiology
- Central seen in lips and tongue, peripheral seen in extremities
- Central caused by decreased oxygen saturation whereas peripheral caused by decreased circulation
Give 2 causes for central and 2 causes for peripheral cyanosis
- Central - any severe resp disease, cyanotic heart disease
- Peripheral - congestive HF, circulatory shock
Give two causes of tracheal deviation away from the affected side
- Tension pneumothorax
- Massive pleural effusion
Give two causes of tracheal deviation towards the affected side
- Lung collapse (atelectasis)
- Upper lobe fibrosis
What causes tracheal deviation in terms of pressures?
Deviates towards the side with higher pressure
Why might the JVP be raised in respiratory disease?
Cor pulmonale - right heart failure
What are the 4 accessory muscles of inspiration?
- Scalene
- SCM
- Serratus anterior
- Pectoralis major
What might cause bilateral decrease in chest expansion?
What about unilateral?
- Bilateral - any lung disease such as COPD
- Unilateral - pneumothorax, effusion, pneumonia, collapse
Give 2 causes of hyper-resonance
- Emphysema
- Pneumothorax
Give 2 causes of hyporesonance
- Consolidation, collapse, neoplasm
What would you hear on percussion in pleural effusion?
Stony dullness
