Resp drugs

Question 1

SABA stands for + example?

Answer 1

short acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist

salbutamol

Question 2

how does SABA/LAMA work?

Answer 2

acts on B2-adrenoceptors to increase sympathetic response to dilate airways by increasing cAMP

Question 3

adverse effects of salbutamol?

Answer 3

fine tremor, tachycardia, cardiac dysrhythmia, hypokalaemia

Question 4

SABA is used for?

Answer 4

athma and COPD if occasional dyspnoea

Question 5

LABA stands for + examples?

Answer 5

long acting B-adrenoceptor agonist

salmeterol
formoterol

Question 6

what is LABA used for?

Answer 6

COPD first line

Asthma add on

Question 7

what does SAMA stand for and give an example.

Answer 7

short acting muscarinic antagonist

ipratropium

Question 8

what does LAMA stand for plus example

Answer 8

long acting muscarinic antagonist

tiotropium

Question 9

tiotropium is which type of drug?

Answer 9

LAMA

Question 10

ipratropium is which type of drug?

Answer 10

SAMA

Question 11

What is SAMA (ipratropium) used for?

Answer 11

COPD

Question 12

What is LAMA (tiotropium) used for?

Answer 12

COPD (1st line)

Asthma (add on)

Question 13

How do SAMA/LAMAs work?

Answer 13

block post junctional end place muscarinic M3 receptors in the airway to reduce parasympathetics, thus increasing sympathetic and bronchodilation

Question 14

ending for SAMA and LAMA

Answer 14

-ium

Question 15

give an example of a methylxanthine

Answer 15

theophylline

Question 16

what does a methylxanthine do and what is it used for?

Answer 16

small bronchodilator effect

COPD (add on, not recommended)
Asthma (add on, last line)

Question 17

give 2 examples of ICS

Answer 17

beclomethasone

fluticasone

Question 18

what is the ending for ICS (and oral)

Answer 18

-one

Question 19

give an example of an oral corticosteroid

Answer 19

prednisolone

Question 20

prednisolone is a?

Answer 20

oral corticosteroid

Question 21

cromoglycate is a?

Answer 21

cromone (type of anti-inflammatory)

Question 22

what do steroids do (in resp situation)?

Answer 22

prevent lung remodelling by suppressing immune response

Question 23

adverse effects of ICS?

Answer 23

hoarse voice

pneumonia in COPD (due to reduced mucous clearance)

Question 24

what do cromones do?

Answer 24

anti-inflammatory which stabilises mast cells by inhibiting histamine release

Question 25

list the anti-inflammatory drug groups used in respiratory conditions (6)

Answer 25

• steroids (ICS and oral)
• cromones
• LTRA
  Monoclonal antibody treatments:
• Anti-IgE
• Anti-IL-5
• Anti-IL4a

Question 26

Give an example of an LTRA

Answer 26

montelukast

Question 27

montelukast is a?

Answer 27

LTRA

Question 28

What does LTRA stand for?

Answer 28

leukotriene receptor antagonist

Question 29

what is LTRA used for?

Answer 29

asthma (add on to ICS)

Question 30

omalizumab is a?

Answer 30

Anti-IgE drug

Question 31

ending for monoclonal antibody treatment

Answer 31

-ab

Question 32

Anti-IgE drug?

Answer 32

omalizumab

Question 33

anti IL-5 drug

Answer 33

mepolizumab

benralizumab

Question 34

anti-IL4a drug?

Answer 34

duplimab

Question 35

Anti-IgE, Anti-IL-5, Anti-IL4a are used for?

Answer 35

asthma (add on, last step)

Question 36

how does anti-IgE work?

Answer 36

inhibits binding of IgE, which inhibits the Th2 response (as IgE cannot act) AND inhibits associated mediator release from basophils/mast cells (as IgE cannot bind to activate)

Question 37

how does Anti-IL-5 work?

Answer 37

blocks effects of Th2 cytokine IL-5 which is responsible for the activation of eosinophils. so prevents eosinophilic inflammation

Question 38

how does anti-IL4a work?

Answer 38

blocks effect of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and 13 which are responsible for IgE hyperactivity (triggering degranulation of mast cells), eosinophilic inflammation and mucin production