Resp Cards

Question 1

What is pulmonary Edema

Answer 1

Fluid accumulation in the alveoli

Question 2

What is non cardiogenic Et of pulmonary Edema

Answer 2

IV fluid overload
Smoke inhalation
Aspiration
IV drug abuse

Question 3

What is the patho of pulmonary Edema

Answer 3

Fluid from blood into interstitial space into alveoli = dec resp fx

Question 4

MNFTS of pulmonary Edema

Answer 4

Cough
Dyspnea
Dec. compliance
Crackles

Question 5

What is pulmonary HTN?

Answer 5

Sustained pressure increase in pulmonary circuit

Question 6

What is the pressure number in pulmonary circuit and what is the normal number in pulmonary HTN?

Answer 6

> 25mmHg and normal is 15

Question 7

What are the 3 main Et categories in pulmonary HTN

Answer 7

Inc. pulmonary volume
Hypodermic
Inc. pulmonary venous pressure

Question 8

In pulmonary HTN hypoxemia causes vasoconstriction why?

Answer 8

To reduce CO2 to rest of body causing HTN. Usually vasodilation happens but except in lungs

Question 9

What is cardiac septal defect in pulmonary HTN?

Answer 9

A hole between LV and RV causing blood to go through and back to lungs instead of rest of body, heart is working harder

Question 10

What are the MNFTS of pulmonary HTN?

Answer 10

Dt apnea, syncope, chest pain on excretion
Chest x ray
Fatigue

Question 11

What are we looking for on a chest X Ray in pulmonary hypertension ?

Answer 11

RV hyper trophy

Distended pulmonary arteries

Question 12

What is the Et of asthma?

Answer 12

Complex trait
Genetic and environment factors
Hypersensitivity to stimuli

Question 13

What is the patho of active phase response during asthma?

Answer 13

Allergen binds to igE mast cells-> release of histamine, leukotrienes, interleukins and prostaglandins-> results in INFLM!! -> intracellular junctions open, allergens enter submucosa, inc. capillary and mucus sec. Resulting in Edema -> bronchi spasm

Question 14

What are the 4 steps in drug treatment for asthma?

Answer 14

1. Inhale short acting bronchoD
2. Add inhaled steroid
3. Add long acting bronchoD steroid
4. Short course steroid add 3rd drug

Question 15

What is asthma?

Answer 15

Reversible episodes of airway obstruction d/t INFLM and muscle hypersensitivity

Question 16

What is atelectasis?

Answer 16

Collapse part of lung

Question 17

Airway obstruction, air trapped, absorbed in capillaries, local collapse is what atelectasis?

Answer 17

Obstructive/ resorptive atelectasis

Question 18

What is compression atelectasis?

Answer 18

Extent pressure on lungs

Question 19

What is contraction atelectasis?

Answer 19

Scar tissue contraction

Question 20

What is pleural effusion?

Answer 20

Fluid accumulation in pleural cavity (space)

Question 21

What are the 5 seepage/ drainage in pleural effusion?

Answer 21

Exudate
Transudate
Empyema
Hemothorax
Chylothorax

Question 22

What is the patho of pleural effusion?

Answer 22

Fluid enter via parietal capillaries, drains into parietal lymphatics, fluid entry exceeds drainage = pleural effusion

Question 23

Why would pleuritic pain be a MNFT in a pleural effusion ?

Answer 23

From stretching of membrane causing extra space with fluid

Question 24

What are the treatments of pleural effusion?

Answer 24

Thoraxcentesis

Chest tube