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General Pharm > Resp Antiobiotic MOA > Flashcards

Resp Antiobiotic MOA Flashcards

1
Q

B Lactam MOA

A

Analog to D-Ala, D-Ala

Covalently bind to penicillin binding protein (PBP) inhibiting the last transpeptidaiton step in cell wall synthesis

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2
Q

B Lactam Resistance

A

Drug destruction and inactivation by B-lactamases primary mechanism

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3
Q

B Lactam Classes Include

A 
Penicillin 
Cephalosporins (Ceftraixone)
Carbapenems (Meropenem)
Monobactams 
B-Lactamase Inhibitors (Ampicillin-sulbactam) 
Glycopeptides (Vanco)
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4
Q

Penicillin Adverse Effects

A

Nausea, vomiting, mild to severe diarrhea

Psudeomembranous colitis

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5
Q

Cephalosporin Adverse Effects

A

Intolerance to alcohol
1% cross reactivity to penicillins
Diarrhea

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6
Q

Carbapenem Adverse Effects

A

Nausea, vomiting 1-20%

Seizures 1.5%

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7
Q

Ampicillin Drug Class & Admin

A

Aminopenicillin PO/IV/IM (BL)

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8
Q

Amoxicillin Drug Class & Admin

A

Aminopenicillin PO (BL)

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9
Q

Piperacilin Drug Class & Admin

A

Anti-pseudomonal Penicillins IV (BL)

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10
Q

Ceftriaxone Drug Class & Admin

A

Cephalosporin IV/IM (BL)

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11
Q

Ceftazidmine Drug Class & Admin

A

Cephalosporin IV/IM (BL)

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12
Q

Cefepime Drug Class & Admin

A

Cephalosporin IV/IM (BL)

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13
Q

Meropenem Drug Class & Admin

A

Carbapenem IV (BL)

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14
Q

Ertapenem Drug Class & Admin

A

Carbapenem IV/IM (BL)

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15
Q

Ampicillin-sulbactam Drug Class & Admin

A

B-lactamase Inhibitor IV (BL)

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16
Q

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid Drug Class & Admin

A

B-lactamase inhibitor PO (BL)

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17
Q

Piperacillin-tazobactam Drug Class & Admin

A

B-lactamase inhibitor IV (BL)

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18
Q

Vancomycin Drug Class & Admin

A

Glycopetides PO/IV (BL)

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19
Q

Vancomycin Resistance

A

Alteration of target D-Ala-D-Ala

Intermediate resistance

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20
Q

Vancomycin Adverse Effects

A

Macular rash, chills, fever
Red man syndrome due to histamine release, extreme flushing, tachycardia and hypotension
Ototoxicity/Nephrotoxicity (33% initial tx)

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21
Q

Fluroquinolones MOA

A

Concentration dependent
Targets bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
Prevents relaxation of positive supercoils

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22
Q

FQ Resistance

A

Mutations in genes encoding DNA gyrase

Active transport out of cell

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23
Q

FQ Adverse Effects

A

Rash, photosensitivity, Achilles tendon rupture contraindicates in children
GI
CNS

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24
Q

Ciprofloxacin Drug Class & Admin

A

FQ PO/IV/Topical

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25
Q

Levofloxacin Drug Class & Admin

A

FQ PO/IV/topical

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26
Q

Moxifloxacin Drug Class & Admin

A

FQ PO/IV/Topical

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27
Q

Gentamicin Drug Class & Admin

A

Aminoglycosides IV/IM/topical

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28
Q

Doxycycyline Drug Class & Admin

A

Tetracyclines/Glycylcylcines PO/IV

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29
Q

Azithromycin Drug Class & Admin

A

Macrolides/Ketolides PO/IV/Topical

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30
Q

Clindamycin Drug Class & Admin

A

Lincosamides PO/IV/Topical

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31
Q

Linezolid Drug Class & Admin

A

Oxazolidinones PO/IV

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32
Q

Oseltamivir Drug Class & Admin

A

TAMIFLU
Antivirals PO
Neuromindiase Inhibitor

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33
Q

Zanamirvir Drug Class & Admin

A

RELENZA
Antiviral INH
Neuromindiase Inhibitor

34
Q

Fluconazole Drug Class & Admin

A

Antifungals PO/IV

35
Q

Itraconazole

A

Antifungals PO

36
Q

Voriconazole

A

Antifungals PO/IV

37
Q

Aminoglycosides MOA

A

Gentamycin

30S Inhibitor of protein synthesis

38
Q

Aminoglycosides ADR

A

Ototoxicity
Neuromuscular block
Nephrotoxicity

39
Q

Tetracyclines MOA

A

Doxycycline

30S Inhibitor of protein synthesis

40
Q

Tetracycline ADR

A

GI
C.diff superinfection
NO PEDS ADMIN
photosensitivity, teeth discoloration

41
Q

Macrolides MOA

A

Azithromycin

50S Inhibitor of protein synthesis

42
Q

Macrolides ADR

A

Arrhythmia

GI, hepatotoxicity

43
Q

Lincosamides MOA

A

Clindamycin

50S Inhibitor

44
Q

Lincosamides ADR

A

Diarrhea, C.diff

45
Q

Streptogramins MOA/ADR

A

Infusion pain, phlebitis

50S inhibitor

46
Q

Oxazolidinones MOA

A

Linezolid

50S inhibitor

47
Q

Oxazolidinones ADR

A

Myelosuppression

HA, rash

48
Q

Oseltamivir/Zanamivir MOA

A

Neurominidase Inhibitors
Analogs of sialic acid
Interfere with release of progeny influenza virus from infected host cell

49
Q

Oseltamivir ADR

A

Nausea, vomiting, abd pain
Neuropsychiatric effects
Approved for children >1 yr

50
Q

Zanamir ADR

A

Cough, bronchospasms, decreased pulmonary function

Approved for children >7years

51
Q

NMI Resistance

A

Point mutation in viral hemagglutinin or neuraminidase

Influenza A & B susceptible to both drugs

52
Q

Azole MOA

A

Ergosterol in cell membrane of fungi
Inhibits fungal cytochrome P450 reducing production of ergosterol
Selective toxicity due to greater affinity for fungal v. human P450

53
Q

Azole ADR

A

Minor Gi upset
Liver enzyme abnormalities
Drug/drug interactions with anti-statins, anti-convulsants and may increase INR of warfarin

54
Q

Outpatient CAP Previously Healthy

A

Macrolide PO

Azithromycin

55
Q

Outpatient CAP At Risk

A 
FQ PO - Levofloxacin 
OR 
B-Lactam PO - HD Amoxicillin 
\+ 
Macrolide PO - Azithromycin
56
Q

Inpatient CAP Non-ICU

A 
FQ IV/PO - Levofloxacin 
OR 
B-Lactam IV - Ceftriaxone 
\+ 
Macrolide IV - Azithromycin
57
Q

Inpatient CAP ICU

A 
B-Lactam IV - Ceftriaxone 
\+ 
Macrolide IV - Azithromycin 
OR 
FQ IV - Levofloxacin
58
Q

Pseudomonas

A 
Anti-pseudomal B lactam IV 
Piperacillin-tazobactam 
Cefepime 
\+ 
FQ 
Ciproflaxin/Levoflaxacin 
OR
Genatmicin + Azithromycin 
Gentamicin + Liproflaxacin/Levoflaxacin
59
Q

MRSA/DRSP

A

Vancomycin IV or Linezolid

60
Q

Pseudomonas Duration of Threrapy

A

15 day course

61
Q

Pseudomonas Resistance

A

Due to multiple efflux pumps

Decreased expression of outer porin channel

62
Q

Klebsiella Resistant to…

A

Ampicillin

63
Q

Enterobacter resistant to…

A

Cephalosporin

64
Q

Natural penicillin bottom line spectrum

A

Streptococcus

Syphilis

65
Q

Anti-Staph Penicillins Bottom Line Spectrum

A

Staph aureus

Staph epidermidis

66
Q

Aminopenicillins Bottom Line Spectrum

A

Extended spectrum
Gram + and few gram _
Enterocci and listeria

67
Q

Anti-pseudomonal penicillins Bottom Line Spectrum

A 
Serious gram negative infections 
(Pseudomonas 
Enterobacter 
Klebsiella )
Anaerobes
68
Q

First gen cephalosporins Bottom Line Spectrum

A

Gram + coverage

69
Q

2nd gen cephalosporins Bottom Line Spectrum

A

More gram -

70
Q

3rd Gen Cephalosporins Bottom Line Spectrum

A

Less gram +

Much more active against enterobacteriaceae

71
Q

4th Gen Cephalosporins Bottom Line Spectrum

A

Good gram + and serious gram - like pseudomonas

72
Q

Carbapenems Bottom Line Spectrum

A

Very broad spectrum
Aerobic/anaerobic
Gram + / Gram -
Imipenem/Meropenem against Pseudomonas

73
Q

Monobactam Bottom Line Spectrum

A

No gram + or anaerobic

Gram - effective Pseudomonas and Enterobacter

74
Q

Glycopeptide Bottom Line Spectrum

A

No gram - or mycobacterium

Broad spectrum gram + including MRSA, MRSE and enterococci

75
Q

FQ Bottom Line Spectrum

A

Good gram - (Cipro covers pseudomonas)
MSSA
Streptococcus by levofloxin

76
Q

Aminoglycosides Bottom Line Spectrum

A

No anaerobic coverage
Broad aerobic gram - coverage
Tobramycin best against pseudomonas

77
Q

Tetracyclins Bottom Line Spectrum

A 
Wide aerobic/anaerobic gram + and gram - 
MRSA
atypical bacteria 
Rickettsia 
Coxiella burnetti 
Syphilis 
NO PSEUDOMONAS
78
Q

Macrolides Bottom Line Spectrum

A

Aerobic gram + cocci and bacillia
Atypicals
No gram - except H.influenzae, N.meningitidies, B.pertussis

79
Q

Lincosamide Bottom Line Spectrum

A

Gram + S.pyogenes
Streptocci MSSA CA-MRSA
Anaerobes
No aerobic gram -

80
Q

Oxaxolidinone Bottom Line Spectrum

A 
Gram + staph MSSA MRSA VRSA 
Streptococcus DRSP 
Enterococci VRE 
Gram + anaerobic cocci 
Gram + rods

General Pharm (5 decks)

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