resp anatomy

Question 1

upper vs lower respiatory tract?

Answer 1

URT = nasal acvities, oral cavity, pharynx + larynx

LRT = trachea, main bronchi, lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi bronchioles, alveoli

Question 2

what happens at level C6

Answer 2

larynx becomes trachea (i.e. where URT becomes LRT)

pharynx becomes oesophagus

Question 3

where can trachea be palpated?

Answer 3

jugular notch of manubrium

Question 4

isthmus of thyroid found?

Answer 4

anterior to tracheal cartilages 2-4

Question 5

lung lobes?

Answer 5

right = upper, middle, lower

left = upper, lower

Question 6

lung lobe definition?

bronchopulmonary segment definition?

Answer 6

lung lobe = area of lung that each lobar bronchi supply with air

bronchopulmonary segment = area of lung lobe that each segmental bronchi supply with air (each lung has 10 bronchopulmonary segments)

Question 7

how many pairs of ribs?

subdivided?

Answer 7

12 pairs

true ribs = 1-7 (attach via costal cartilage to sternum)

false ribs = 8-10 (attach via costal cartilage to costal cartilage)

floating ribs = 11 + 12 (no attachment to sternum)

Question 8

sternum parts?

Answer 8

manubrium

body

xiphoid

sternal angle (rib 2)

Question 9

rib articulations

costal groove?

Answer 9

Question 10

joints of the sternum

Answer 10

Question 11

3 layers of skeletal muscle between ribs and intercostal spaces?

Answer 11

external intercostal muscles

internal intercostal muscles

innermost intercostal muscles

Question 12

what is contained within intercostal space?

blood supply?

nerve supply?

Answer 12

NVB (vein, artery nerve) between internal and innermost intercostal muscles, intercostal groove

blood supply

• anterior = internal thoracic artery + vein
• posterior = thoracic aorta + azygous vein

nerve supply = anterior ramus of spinal nerve (intercostal nerve)

Question 13

branches from thoracic aorta?

Answer 13

not all shown here

Question 14

what is the diaphragm?

what does it form?

right hemidiaphragm?

attachments?

nerve supply?

Answer 14

skeletal muscle with unusual central tendon

forms floor of chest cavity + roof of abdominal cavity

R hemi sits higher due to liver

attachments = sternum, lower 6 ribs, L1-L3 vertebral bodies

innervation = phrenic nerve (C3, 4, 5)

Question 15

inspiration mechanics?

Answer 15

Question 16

expiration mechanics?

Answer 16

Question 17

Answer 17

…

Question 18

Answer 18

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Question 19

pectoralis minor attachments?

Answer 19

coracoid process of scapula + ribs 3-5

Question 20

Answer 20

…

Question 21

most dependent part of pleural cavity?

its most inferior region?

significance?

Answer 21

costodiaphragmatic recess (located between diaphragmatic + costal parietal pleura)

most inferior region = costophrenic angle

significance = “blunting of the angles” on CXR caused by pleural effusion or haemothorax

Question 22

lateral aspects of lungs

Answer 22

…

Question 23

surface markings and hilum contents of right lung

Answer 23

Question 24

left lung surface markings and hilum content?

Answer 24

Question 25

ausciltation areas lung?

Answer 25