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Y2 S1 Anatomy > Resp ANAT > Flashcards

Resp ANAT Flashcards

1
Q

How many lobes in each lung? and describe the fissures? how many segments? short/long wide/thin?

A

Right lung:
- 3 lobes -> superior, middle, inferior
- 2 fissures -> horizontal, oblique
- shorter and wider
- 10 bronchopulmonary segments
Left Lung:
- 2 lobes -> superior and inferior
- 1 fissure -> oblique
- longer and narrower
- 8 bronchopulmonary segments

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2
Q

What is the hilum? and where is the pulmonary artery in relation to the right and left hilum?

A

Hilum = point where important stuff enters

RALS:
R bronchus - pulmonary artery ANTERIOR to main bronchus
L bronchus - pulmonary artery SUPERIOR to main bronchus

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3
Q

What is the root of the lung?

A

Root of lung = the actual structures that enter and exit in the hilum

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4
Q

What are the contents of the root of the lung?

A
  • include bronchi
  • pulm arteries and veins
  • lymphatics and nerves
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5
Q

Tracheobronchial tree

A
  1. Trachea
  2. Primary bronchi
  3. Lobar (secondary) bronchi
  4. Segmental (tertiary) bronchi
  5. Conducting bronchiole
  6. Terminal bronchiole
  7. Respiratory bronchiole
  8. Alveolar ducts
  9. Alveoli
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6
Q

What does the Lobar bronchi supply?

A

Supplies lung lobes

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7
Q

What does the Segmental bronchi supply?

A

Supplies bronchopulmonary segments

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8
Q

What is the alveoli? what type of epithelium is it lined with?

A

= site of gas exchange
- lined with simple squamous cells

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9
Q

What type of epithelium is the trachea lined with?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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10
Q

Type 1 Pneumocyte? what are they? what are they connected by and what does this mean? what are they derived from?

A

= extremely thin layer of cytoplasm -> thin barrier to gas exchange
- type 1 pneumocytes are connected by tight junctions -> limit the movement of fluid
- derived from type 2 pneumocytes

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11
Q

Draw and label the bronchial tree?

A
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12
Q

Type 2 Pneumocytes? what do they synthesise? what can they give rise to? where are they found?

A
  • synthesise surfactant
  • give rise to type 1 pneumocytes
  • found on the border of the alveoli
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13
Q

Ribs? What are the true, false and floating ribs?

A

True ribs = 1-7
false ribs = 8-10
floating ribs = 11-12

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14
Q

What are the sternal angle landmarks? (think RATPLANT)

A

R = 2nd Rib
A = Arch of aorta
T = Tracheal bifurcation
P = Pulmonary trunk bifurcation
L = Left recurrent laryngeal and Ligamentum arteriosum
A = Azygous drains into SVC
N = Nerves of cardiac plexus
T = Thoracic duct

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15
Q

Describe the intercostals. what are the 3 intercostal muscles? what direction do they run? what do each do? where is VAN in this?

A

External IC:
- INFEROANTERIOR = hands in pockets
- contract during inspiration
Internal IC:
- INFEROPOSTERIOR = hands on chest
- contract during forced expiration
Innermost IC:
- INFEROPOSTERIOR = hands on chest
- deep to the intercostal neurovascular bundle

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16
Q

What are the muscles that elevate the ribs (inspiration muscles) and depress the ribs (expiration muscles)?

A

Muscles that elevate (for inspiration):
- External intercostal
- Sternocleidomastoid muscle (lifts sternum)
- Anterior serratus
- Scalene
Muscles that depress (for expiration):
- Abdom. rectus
- Internal intercostals

17
Q

Diaphragm? what is it innervated by - sensory and motor? what and where are the hiatuses? what does it do?

A

Motor innervation by:
- Phrenic nerve (C4, C5, C6)
Sensory innervation by:
- Phrenic nerve (central part) and intercostal (peripheral part)
Hiatuses:
- T8 = Vena cava + phrenic nerve
- T10 = Oesophagus + vagus
- T12 = Aortic hiatus (aorta, azygous, thoracic duct)
What does it do?
- descends during inspiration
- relaxes during expiration

18
Q

What is the arterial supply and venous drainage of the diaphragm?

A

Arterial supply:
- Superior + inferior phrenic arteries (from Aorta)
Venous drainage:
- Superior + inferior phrenic veins

19
Q

What are the 4 parts of the mediastinum?

A
  • Superior mediastinum
  • Anterior mediastinum
  • Middle mediastinum
  • Posterior mediastinum
20
Q

What are the contents of the Superior Mediastinum and what separates it from the rest of the mediastinum?

A

What separates it:
- level of sternal angle
Contents:
- Arch of aorta + branches to head, neck & upper limb
- Superior vena cava + brachiocephalic and azygous vein
- Thymus
- Vagus, phrenic and cardiac nerves
- Trachea + oesophagus

21
Q

What are the contents of the anterior mediastinum?

A

Thymus (in children)

22
Q

What are the contents of the middle mediastinum?

A
  • Heart
  • Ascending Aorta
  • Pulmonary trunk
  • bit of SVC
  • left and right phrenic nerves
23
Q

What are the contents of the Posterior Mediastinum?

A
  • Descending aorta + branches
  • Oesophagus
  • Azygous vein + hemiazygous veins
  • Tracheal bifurcation + bronchi
  • Thoracic duct
24
Q

Function of pleura?

A
  • decrease friction when breathing
25
Q

Pleural innervation?

A

Visceral pleura:
- sympathetic trunk and vagus nerve
Parietal pleura:
- phrenic and intercostal

26
Q

Parts of Parietal pleura diagram -> 4 parts

A
27
Q

What does the pulmonary plexus contain? what do they do?

A

Parasympathetic:
- Bronchoconstrict smooth muscle of bronchial tree
- Vasodilate pulmonary vessels
- Secretory to glands to bronchial tree
Sympathetic:
- opposite of parasympathetic functions
Visceral afferent fibers

28
Q

What arteries supply the lungs?

A
  • Pulmonary artery ( deoxygenated blood from right ventricle)
  • Bronchial artery (oxygenated blood)
29
Q

What does the Pulmonary artery branch off into?

A

Lobar arteries -> Segmental arteries
- Artery also usually anterior aspect of each bronchus

30
Q

Describe the pulmonary lymphatics. right and left side. (6 nodes)

A
  • right side goes to right lymphatic duct
  • left side goes to thoracic duct
31
Q

Nerves of Thoracic region

A
  • Sympathetic trunk
  • Vagus nerve
  • Phrenic nerve
  • Recurrent laryngeal nerve

posterior one in the picture = Sympathetic trunk

Y2 S1 Anatomy (3 decks)

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