Resp Flashcards by Seth Allen

Asbestosis

Occupational, Interstitial Lung Disease from inhalation of asbestos fibres- causing fibrosis

No treatment

Symptomatic relief

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Chronic Asthma

An inflammatory disorder of the airways, an obstructive disease

SABA (Salbutamol) - Inhaled
Inhaled corticosteroid (Beclometasone) - Inhaled
LABA (Salmeterol) - Inhaled
Leukotriene Receptor Agonist (Montelukast) - Oral
Steroids (Prednisolone) - Oral

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Bronchiectasis

Thickened, permanently dilated and inflamed bronchial walls due to progressive damage to the lungs

There is no cure

Symptomatic relief:

Postural Drainage (drains the affected lobes)
Antibiotics (halts disease progression)

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Bronchiolitis

This is a common lower respiratory tract infection that causes bronchial inflammation, usually by RSV

Supportive

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Pneumoconiosis

Occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of dust

Removal of exposure

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)

COPD is the umbrella term for Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema

SAMA (Ipratropium)
LAMA (Tiotripium)
LABA (Salmeterol)
+ inhaled corticosteroid (Beclometasone)

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Acute COPD

COPD is the umbrella term for Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema

iSOAP

Ipratropium Bromide (Neb)
Salbutamol (Neb)
Oxygen
Amoxicillin (2nd line- Doxycycline) 
Prednisolone (Oral)

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Cor Pulmonale

This is right-sided heart failure secondary to lung disease; can also be caused by chronic pulmonary hypertension

Treat underlying cause

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Coryza

The common cold

Supportive

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Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)

This is inflammation of the pharynx and the surrounding tissues

Prednisolone

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Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

An inherited condition in which the lungs and digestive system become clogged with thick, sticky mucus

Postural Drainage + physiotherapy
Antibiotics for chest infections (early, strong for long)
Salbutamol to relieve symptoms
Beclometasone to reduce inflammation Nutritional
Supplements (Pancreatic enzymes, vitamin and high-calorie diet)

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Empyema

The accumulation of pus in the pleural space

Drainage (Pleural Fluid Drainage)
IV Broad spectrum Antibiotics
Oral Culture-specific

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Epiglottitis

This is a severe form of Croup

ICU
Oxygen (Intubation if necessary)
Fluids
Antibiotics (Ceftriaxone)

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Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis

Bird fancier’s lung
Farmer’s lung

(Inflammation of bronchioles and alveoli due to a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction, restrictive lung disease)

Avoidance of antigen
Oxygen
Prednisolone (oral)

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Pulmonary Fibrosis

(This is scarring of the lung tissue. There is scarring and accumulation of fibrous connective tissue which causing a decline in lung function)

Supportive (Oxygen Therapy, Pulmonary Rehabilitation)

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Influenza

Respiratory tract infection

Supportive (Bed rest/Fluids/Paracetamol)

Antivirals (Zanamivir)

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Mesothelioma

This is a tumour of the lining of the lungs (Pleural)

Chemotherapy

BUT dead in <2 years, RIP

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Obstructive is the absence of airflow with continued respiratory drive

CPAP
Lose Weight
Reduce Alcohol Consumption

Central Sleep Apnoea

Central is the absence of airflow due to loss of central respiratory drive

Respiratory Stimulant
NIPPV (Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation)
Treat underlying condition

Large PE

Thrombolysis

Small PE

Low Molecular Weight Heparin

Pertussis

Whooping Cough- a highly contagious respiratory disease in children caused by Bordella Pertussis

Clarithromycin or
Erythromycin (pregnancy)
Vaccination

Lung Abscess

Cavitating lesion of infection and necrosis

Antibiotics based on sputum culture

Mild Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

CURB 65 = 0-2

Amoxicillin

Penicillin Allergic: Doxycycline
NBM: Clarithromycin

Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) | CURB 65 = >2

Co-amoxiclav + Doxycycline Penicillin Allergic: Levofloxacin NBM: Co-amoxiclav + Clarithromycin

Mild Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)

Amoxicillin + Metronidazole Penicillin Allergic: Co-trimoxazole + Metronidazole

Severe Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)

Amoxicillin + Metronidazole + Gentamycin Penicillin Allergic: Co-trimoxazole + Metronidazole + Gentamycin

Spontaneous (Primary) Pneumothorax (Air in the pleural space between the visceral and the parietal pleura caused by a rupture of subpleural air cysts causing a hole in lung for air to escape) Snoop D-O-Double-G

Small: Watchful Waiting Medium: Aspiration Complete: Aspiration/Chest Drain

Secondary Pneumothorax | Air in the pleural space- secondary to respiratory disease: COPD, Asthma, Pneumonia, CF

ALWAYS requires a chest drain

Traumatic Pneumothorax | Air in the pleural space following chest trauma. May be caused by a fractured rib (penetrating) or blunt (car crash)

Mild: Observe and consider chest drain Severe: Chest Drain

Tension Pneumothorax (This is when air accumulates in the pleural cavity and causes mediastinal shift AWAY from the collapsed lung. Causes compression of the functioning lung)

- Immediate drainage with a cannula in the 2nd intercostal space, midclavicular line - Chest Drain

Neonatal Distress Syndrome (NDS) | This is a lack of surfactant causing respiratory distress in neonates

Ventilation and Extra Oxygen Artificial Surfactant Prevention through giving expectant mothers steroids

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) | This is severe infection or inflammation of the lungs that causes a lack of oxygen provided to the body

ICU - Ventilation | Treat underlying cause

Chronic Sarcoidosis | Multisystem Granulomatous Disease

Corticosteroids (Prednisolone) | Immunosuppression (Methotrexate)

Acute Sarcoidosis | Multisystem Granulomatous Disease

NSAIDS | Bed Rest

Tuberculosis (TB) | An infectious disease of the respiratory tract caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis

2 RIPE 4 RI 2 months x: - Rifampicin - Isoniazid - Pyrazinamide - Ethambutol 4 months x: - Rifampicin - Isoniazid

Lung Cancer (3 types: - Small Cell Carcinoma - Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Adenocarcinoma)

Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy Small Cell Carcinoma: - Chemotherapy. - Usually too late, RIP Non-small Cell Carcinoma: - Surgical excision - Radiotherapy

Acute Asthma

O SHIT MAN ``` Oxygen Salbutamol (Nebulised) Hydrocortisone / Prednisolone Ipratropium Theophylline Magnesium ANaesthetist ```

Aspiration Pneumonia

IV Amoxicillin + IV Metronidazole + IV Gentamycin

Rhinitis

Corticosteroids: Beclometasone, Prednisolone ``` Add ons: Anti-histamines - Loratadine, Fexofenadine, Cetirizine SAMA - Ipratropium Cromones - Sodium cromoglicate CystLT - Montelukast ```