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The Holy Grail (Treatments) > Resp > Flashcards

Resp Flashcards

1
Q

Asbestosis

Occupational, Interstitial Lung Disease from inhalation of asbestos fibres- causing fibrosis

A

No treatment

Symptomatic relief

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2
Q

Chronic Asthma

An inflammatory disorder of the airways, an obstructive disease

A
  1. SABA (Salbutamol) - Inhaled
  2. Inhaled corticosteroid (Beclometasone) - Inhaled
  3. LABA (Salmeterol) - Inhaled
  4. Leukotriene Receptor Agonist (Montelukast) - Oral
  5. Steroids (Prednisolone) - Oral
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3
Q

Bronchiectasis

Thickened, permanently dilated and inflamed bronchial walls due to progressive damage to the lungs

A

There is no cure

Symptomatic relief:

  • Postural Drainage (drains the affected lobes)
  • Antibiotics (halts disease progression)
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4
Q

Bronchiolitis

This is a common lower respiratory tract infection that causes bronchial inflammation, usually by RSV

A

Supportive

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5
Q

Pneumoconiosis

Occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of dust

A

Removal of exposure

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6
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD)

COPD is the umbrella term for Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema

A
  1. SAMA (Ipratropium)
  2. LAMA (Tiotripium)
  3. LABA (Salmeterol)
    + inhaled corticosteroid (Beclometasone)
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7
Q

Acute COPD

COPD is the umbrella term for Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema

A

iSOAP

Ipratropium Bromide (Neb)
Salbutamol (Neb)
Oxygen
Amoxicillin (2nd line- Doxycycline) 
Prednisolone (Oral)
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8
Q

Cor Pulmonale

This is right-sided heart failure secondary to lung disease; can also be caused by chronic pulmonary hypertension

A

Treat underlying cause

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9
Q

Coryza

The common cold

A

Supportive

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10
Q

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)

This is inflammation of the pharynx and the surrounding tissues

A

Prednisolone

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11
Q

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

An inherited condition in which the lungs and digestive system become clogged with thick, sticky mucus

A
  • Postural Drainage + physiotherapy
  • Antibiotics for chest infections (early, strong for long)
  • Salbutamol to relieve symptoms
  • Beclometasone to reduce inflammation Nutritional
  • Supplements (Pancreatic enzymes, vitamin and high-calorie diet)
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12
Q

Empyema

The accumulation of pus in the pleural space

A

Drainage (Pleural Fluid Drainage)
IV Broad spectrum Antibiotics
Oral Culture-specific

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13
Q

Epiglottitis

This is a severe form of Croup

A

ICU
Oxygen (Intubation if necessary)
Fluids
Antibiotics (Ceftriaxone)

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14
Q

Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis

  • Bird fancier’s lung
  • Farmer’s lung

(Inflammation of bronchioles and alveoli due to a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction, restrictive lung disease)

A

Avoidance of antigen
Oxygen
Prednisolone (oral)

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15
Q

Pulmonary Fibrosis

(This is scarring of the lung tissue. There is scarring and accumulation of fibrous connective tissue which causing a decline in lung function)

A

Supportive (Oxygen Therapy, Pulmonary Rehabilitation)

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16
Q

Influenza

Respiratory tract infection

A

Supportive (Bed rest/Fluids/Paracetamol)

Antivirals (Zanamivir)

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17
Q

Mesothelioma

This is a tumour of the lining of the lungs (Pleural)

A

Chemotherapy

BUT dead in <2 years, RIP

18
Q

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Obstructive is the absence of airflow with continued respiratory drive

A

CPAP
Lose Weight
Reduce Alcohol Consumption

19
Q

Central Sleep Apnoea

Central is the absence of airflow due to loss of central respiratory drive

A

Respiratory Stimulant
NIPPV (Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation)
Treat underlying condition

20
Q

Large PE

A

Thrombolysis

21
Q

Small PE

A

Low Molecular Weight Heparin

22
Q

Pertussis

Whooping Cough- a highly contagious respiratory disease in children caused by Bordella Pertussis

A

Clarithromycin or
Erythromycin (pregnancy)
Vaccination

23
Q

Lung Abscess

Cavitating lesion of infection and necrosis

A

Antibiotics based on sputum culture

24
Q

Mild Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

CURB 65 = 0-2

A

Amoxicillin

Penicillin Allergic: Doxycycline
NBM: Clarithromycin

25
Q

Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

CURB 65 = >2

A

Co-amoxiclav + Doxycycline

Penicillin Allergic: Levofloxacin
NBM: Co-amoxiclav + Clarithromycin

26
Q

Mild Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)

A

Amoxicillin + Metronidazole

Penicillin Allergic: Co-trimoxazole + Metronidazole

27
Q

Severe Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)

A

Amoxicillin + Metronidazole + Gentamicin

Penicillin Allergic: Co-trimoxazole + Metronidazole + Gentamicin

28
Q

Spontaneous (Primary) Pneumothorax

(Air in the pleural space between the visceral and the parietal pleura caused by a rupture of subpleural air cysts causing a hole in lung for air to escape)

Snoop D-O-Double-G

A

Small: Watchful Waiting
Medium: Aspiration
Complete: Aspiration/Chest Drain

29
Q

Secondary Pneumothorax

Air in the pleural space- secondary to respiratory disease: COPD, Asthma, Pneumonia, CF

A

ALWAYS requires a chest drain

30
Q

Traumatic Pneumothorax

Air in the pleural space following chest trauma. May be caused by a fractured rib (penetrating) or blunt (car crash)

A

Mild: Observe and consider chest drain
Severe: Chest Drain

31
Q

Tension Pneumothorax

(This is when air accumulates in the pleural cavity and causes mediastinal shift AWAY from the collapsed lung. Causes compression of the functioning lung)

A
  • Immediate drainage with a cannula in the 2nd intercostal space, midclavicular line
  • Chest Drain
32
Q

Neonatal Distress Syndrome (NDS)

This is a lack of surfactant causing respiratory distress in neonates

A

Ventilation and Extra Oxygen
Artificial Surfactant

Prevention through giving expectant mothers steroids

33
Q

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

This is severe infection or inflammation of the lungs that causes a lack of oxygen provided to the body

A

ICU - Ventilation

Treat underlying cause

34
Q

Chronic Sarcoidosis

Multisystem Granulomatous Disease

A

Corticosteroids (Prednisolone)

Immunosuppression (Methotrexate)

35
Q

Acute Sarcoidosis

Multisystem Granulomatous Disease

A

NSAIDS

Bed Rest

36
Q

Tuberculosis (TB)

An infectious disease of the respiratory tract caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

2 RIPE 4 RI

2 months x:

  • Rifampicin
  • Isoniazid
  • Pyrazinamide
  • Ethambutol

4 months x:

  • Rifampicin
  • Isoniazid
37
Q

Lung Cancer

(3 types:

  • Small Cell Carcinoma
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  • Adenocarcinoma)
A

Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy

Small Cell Carcinoma:

  • Chemotherapy.
  • Usually too late, RIP

Non-small Cell Carcinoma:

  • Surgical excision
  • Radiotherapy
38
Q

Acute Asthma

A

O SHIT MAN

Oxygen
Salbutamol (Nebulised)
Hydrocortisone / Prednisolone
Ipratropium 
Theophylline 
Magnesium 
ANaesthetist
39
Q

Aspiration Pneumonia

A

IV Amoxicillin + IV Metronidazole + IV Gentamicin

40
Q

Rhinitis

A

Corticosteroids: Beclometasone, Prednisolone

Add ons:
Anti-histamines - Loratadine, Fexofenadine, Cetirizine 
SAMA - Ipratropium 
Cromones - Sodium cromoglicate 
CystLT - Montelukast

The Holy Grail (Treatments) (13 decks)

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