Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PACES week > Resp > Flashcards

Resp Flashcards

1
Q

Mx of Acute Asthma (6)

A

ABC, contact senior

100% O2
Neb Salbutamol & Neb Ipratropium
IV hydrocortisone & Oral Prednisolone
IV MgSO4
IV salbutamol
IV aminophylline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How long between nebulised salbutamol back to back doses in acute asthma

A

15 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Examination findings in COPD

A

Decreased Expansion
Decreased Breath Sounds (QUIET)
Decreased vocal resonance
Hyper-resonant percussion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Key hint that patient has COPD

A

Quiet Breath sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Complication of COPD

A

Cor pulmonale; COPD + RHF signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Outline the stages of COPD

A

Predicted PEFR

Stage 1 - Mild: >80%

Stage 2 - Moderate: 50-80%.

Stage 3 - Severe: 30-50%.

Stage 4 - Very Severe: <30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What to suspect in young COPD patient

A

a1 antitrypsin deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ventilation used in acute exacerbation of COPD if needed

A

BiPAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What must COPD patients do before being offered Oxygen therapy

A

Stop smoking!

Flammable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Difference between Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis

A

Emphysema - Pink Puffers
Breathless but not cyanosed, T1 resp failure

Chronic Bronchitis
Cyanosed but not breathless, T2 resp failure (High CO2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is yellow nail syndrome

A

Yellow dystrophic nails
Bronchiectasis
Pleural Effusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ix of bronchieactasis

A

High-resolution CT

–> signet ring sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mx of Bronchieactasis

A

Chest physiotherapy
Inhaled salbutamol, ICS

Abx if exacerbation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Causes of apical pulmonary fibrosis

A

Sacroidosis

Coal workers pneumoconiosis

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Tuberculosis

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Causes of Basal pulmonary fibrosis

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
Asbestosis
Scleroderma (SLE)
Drugs - amiodarone, nitrofurantoin, methotrexate, bleomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sx of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A

Breathlessness on exertion
Dry chronic cough (no wheeze)
Clubbing

Reduced breath sounds
Fine late inspiratory crepitations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How are FEV and FVC affected in pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Both decreased, ratio >0.8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CXR signs of pulmonary fibrosis

A

Ground glass

Honeycombing (advanced)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tx of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A

Pulmonary Rehabilitation Therapy
Smoking cessation

Pirfenidone
Long term Oxygen Therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mx of Anaphylaxis

A

IM Adrenaline 0.5mg = 0.5ml 1:1000 solution. This can be repeated every 10 min

IV Fluids: 500ml Bolus

IV Hydrocortisone 100mg

IV Chlorpheniramine 10mg

–> Nebulised bronchodilators, IV adrenaline, Intubation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia?

A

Strep. pneumoniae
Haemophilus Influenzae
Mcyoplasma pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Halo sign on CT Thorax

A

Aspergillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mx of aspergillus

A

Amphoteracin B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a very strong indicator that something is pneumonia rather than an URTI?

A

Tachypnoea

25
Pneumonia Sx?
Breathlessness Reduced Chest Expansion Bronchial Breathing Late inspiratory crepitations Dull Percussion
26
Indications for lobectomy/pneumonectomy?
Non-Disseminated Bronchial Carcinoma in 90% of cases Bronchiectasis COPD
27
Mx of OSA
Advise on sleeping positions and weight loss Mandibular advancement splints CPAP
28
Causes of transudate pleural effusion?
HF Cirrhosis Nephrotic syndrome
29
Causes of exudative pleural effusion
Infection Malignancy Pneumonia
30
Causes of clubbing
Lung carcinoma Bronchiectasis Empyema Pulmonary fibrosis Mesothelioma Lung Abscess
31
Examination findings in interstitial lung disease
Clubbing Reduced chest expansion Fine late end-inspiratory crepitations (do not clear with coughing but do quieten/disappear on leaning forwards)
32
What should you comment on if you think it is interstitial lung disease
The possible underlying cause: Rheumatoid arthritis Ankylosing spondylitis Radiation Connective tissue disease (lupus, dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis)
33
What are your differentials for clubbing and crepitations?
Interstitial lung disease Bronchiectasis Lung Cancer Abscess Cystic fibrosis
34
Sx of Bronchieactasis
Clubbing Reduced chest expansion Wheeze Early coarse inspiratory crepitations that alter with coughing but do not quieten/disappear on leaning forwards
35
Key difference in presentation of Bronchiectasis and interstitial lung disease
Both have early coarse inspiratory crepitations In Bronchiectasis they alter with coughing but do not quieten/disappear on leaning forwards In interstital lung disease they do not clear with coughing but do quieten/disappear on leaning forwards
36
CXR signs of bronchiectasis
Tramlines Hyperinflation Ring shadows
37
Sx of cystic fibrosis
Young, short, thin Clubbing Chronic productive cough
38
Sx of pleural effusion
Reduced expansion Trachea displaced away from side of the effusion Apex beat shifted away from effusion Stony dull percussion note Decreased vocal resonance Reduced air entry/breath sounds Bronchial breathing
39
What to look for if you suspect a lung transplant
Signs of steroid use, gum hypertrophy, tremor - immunosuppressive therapy Abnormal lung on other side
40
Examination findings in COPD
Reduced chest expansion Hyper-resonant percussion note Expiratory wheeze CO2 retention flap Pursed lip breathing (using accessory muscles)
41
Differentials for wheeze
COPD Asthma Heart Failure Bronchiectasis and mucus plugging
42
How does trachea shift in effusion
Away from lesion
43
dDx of Dull lung base
Consolidation: bronchial breathing + crackles Collapse: ↑ VR Pleural effusion
44
Ix of pleural effusion?
CXR Bloods: FBC, U&E, LFTs Diagnostic pleurocentesis
45
Causes of bronchiectasis
CF PCD Kartagener's Malignancy Post infectious: pertussis, TB, measles
46
Abx which can be used in bronchiectasis
Exacerbations: cipro for 7-10 days Prophylactic azithromycin
47
Cystic fibrosis Mx
MDT Chest physio: postural drainage, active cycle breathing Abx prophylaxis Segregate from other CF pts.: risk of transmission - pseudomonas Pancreatic enzyme replacement: pancreatin ADEK supplements
48
Cause of Bronchiectasis Rhinosinusitis Azoospermia
Young's syndrome
49
Causes of upper and lower pulmonary fibrosis
Upper: Asperillosis: ABPA Pneumoconicosis: coal, silica Extrinsic allergic alveolitis TB Lower: Sarcoidosis Drugs Asbestos Rheum: RA, SLE, Sjorgen's
50
Complication of COPD
Cor pulmonale
51
Single most important intervention in COPD
Smoking cessation
52
What improvement in FEV1 with a β-agonist indicates asthma
≥15%
53
Features of severe asthma (4)
PEFR <50% Can’t complete sentence in one breath RR >25 HR >110
54
Features of life threatening asthma (7)
PEFR <33% SpO2 <92%, PCO2 >4.6kPa, PaO2 <8kPa Cyanosis Hypotension Exhaustion, confusion Silent chest, poor respiratory effort Tachy-/brady-/arrhythmias
55
When to discharge following acute severe asthma
Been stable on discharge meds for 24h PEFR >75% with diurnal variability <20%
56
Indications for lobectomy/pneumonectomy
90% for non-disseminated bronchial carcinoma Bronchiectasis COPD: lung-reduction surgery TB: historic, upper lobe
57
Lobes affected in TB
Lower
58
Pneumonia follow up?
CXR at 6 weeks Pneumovax every 6 years
59
Outline curb-65 score
Confusion (AMT ≤8) Urea >7mM Resp. rate >30/min BP <90/60 ≥65 y/o 0-1 → home Rx 2 → hospital Rx ≥ 3 → consider ITU

PACES week (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions