Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FINALS- random flashcards per system > resp > Flashcards

resp Flashcards

1
Q

prophylactic Abx used in COPD

A

marcolides (azithromycin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does A1AT increase the risk of?

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Management of acute bronchitis

A

oral doxycycline (if NOT pregnant- if pregnant use amoxicillin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

COPD- if the patient has raised eosinophils (regardless of FEV1) what therapy should be commenced?

A

ICS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

most common organism causing infective exacerbations of COPD

A

Haemophilus influenzae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are blue bloaters/ pink puffers?

A

blue bloater= chronic bronchitis

pink puffer= emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

diagnosis of COPD

A

spirometry- obstructive patter:
FEV1/FVC= 0.7

no change on reversibility testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

treatment pathway in COPD (non-acute management)

A

lifestyle- stop smoking, flu vaccinations

1- SABA (salbutamol/ terbutaline) or SAMA (ipratropium bromide)

2- if no asthmatic features= LABA (formeterol) + LAMA (tiotropium bromide)

  • if asthmatic features (or raised eosinophils)= LABA + ICS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

management of an acute COPD exacerbation

A
  • nebulised bronchodilators (salbutamol an ipratropium)
  • 02 sats 88-92%
  • prednisolone
  • ABx if infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is cor pulmonale?

A

right sided heart failure caused by chronic pulmonary arterial hypertension
commonly caused by COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

clinical features of cor pulmonale

A

dyspnoea, fatigue, syncope
cyanosis, tachycardia, raised JVP
tricuspid regurgitation (pansystolic murmur)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what organs does A1AT affect?

A

lungs (bronchiectasis and emphysema- think breakdown of elastase)

liver (cirrhosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

diagnosis of A1AT

A

low serum A1AT
liver biopsy- acid-Schiff-positive staining globules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

pulmonary function tests- obstructive lung disease pattern and causes

A

FEV1 reduced
FVC reduced/ normal
FEV1/FVC ratio <0.7

causes:
- asthma
- COPD
- bronchiectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pulmonary function tests- restrictive lung disease pattern and causes

A

FEV1 reduced
FVC significantly reduced
FEV1/ FVC= normal/ increased

causes:
Pulmonary fibrosis
Asbestosis
Sarcoidosis
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Infant respiratory distress syndrome
Kyphoscoliosis e.g. ankylosing spondylitis
Neuromuscular disorders
Severe obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is sarcoidosis?

A

multisystem granulomatous disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

presentation of sarcoidosis

A

lungs- mediastinal lymphadenopathy, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary nodules

systemic- fever, fatigue, weight loss

liver- nodules, cirrhosis, cholestasis

eyes- conjunctivitis, uveitis, optic neuritis

skin- erythema nodosum

18
Q

sarcoidosis- bloods

A

hypercalcaemia
raised serum ACE
raised CRP

19
Q

Sarcoidosis- CXR

A

hilar lymphadenopathy

20
Q

sarcoidosis- gold standard investigation

A

histology- biopsy via bronchoscopy

21
Q

sarcoidosis- treatment

A

only if symptomatic/ eye involvement

long term prednisolone (prescribe bisphosphonates alongside to protect bones)

methotrexate/ azathioprine second line

22
Q

Describe a tension pneumothorax

A

Tension pneumothorax is caused by trauma to the chest wall that creates a one-way valve that lets air in but not out of the pleural space. The one-way valve means that during inspiration air is drawn into the pleural space and during expiration, the air is trapped in the pleural space. Therefore, more air keeps getting drawn into the pleural space with each breath and cannot escape. This is dangerous as it creates pressure inside the thorax that will push the mediastinum across, kink the big vessels in the mediastinum and cause cardiorespiratory arrest.

23
Q

presentation of a tension pneumothorax

A

Tracheal deviation away from side of the pneumothorax
Reduced air entry on the affected side
Increased resonance to percussion on the affected side
Tachycardia
Hypotension

24
Q

management of a tension pneumothorax

A

Insert a large bore cannula into the second intercostal space in the midclavicular line

25
Q

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis- medications to slow progression

A

Pirfenidone is an antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory
Nintedanib is a monoclonal antibody targeting tyrosine kinase

26
Q

most common cause of community acquired pneumonia

A

Streptococcus Pneumoniae.

27
Q

side effects of TB treatment- rifampicin

A

red/orange discolouration of secretions like urine and tears.

28
Q

side effects of TB treatment- isonizaid

A

peripheral neuropathy

29
Q

side effects of TB treatment- pyrazinamide

A

hyperuricaemia (high uric acid levels) resulting in gout

30
Q

side effects of TB treatment- ethambutol

A

colour blindness and reduced visual acuity

31
Q

pneumonia- most common causative organism in COPD patients?

A

haemophilus influenzae

32
Q

pneumonia- most common causative organism post- influenza infection

A

staph aureus

33
Q

pneumonia- what is seen on the bloods of a patient with legionella pneumonia?

A

hyponatraemia
lymphopenia

34
Q

pneumonia- most common causative organism in alcoholics

A

klebisella pneumoniae

35
Q

pneumonia- most common causative organism in HIV patients

A

pneumocystitis jiroveci

36
Q

describe CURB 65

A

Confusion (AMT <8/10)
Urea >7mmol/l
respiratory rate > 30
BP- systolic <90 or diastolic <60
65- age over

37
Q

management of low and moderate/ high severity CAP?

A

low:
amoxicillin- oral, 5 days
use a macrolide or tetracycline if penecillin allergy

moderate/high:
amoxicillin and macrolide for 7-10 days

38
Q

how is pneumocystitis jiroveci pneumonia treated?

A

co-trimoxazole

39
Q

in patients with COPD with a confirmed diagnosis of pneumonia, what should be co-prescribed alongside antibiotics?

A

prednisolone

40
Q

what investigation is done and when in all confirmed pneumonia cases post-resolution?

A

CXR at 6 weeks

41
Q

management of an unprovoked PE

A

6 months DOAC

42
Q

What type of lung cancer would cause hyponatraemia?

A

SIADH is a paraneoplastic feature of small-cell lung cancer

FINALS- random flashcards per system (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions