Resources Futures- Energy

Question 1

Technological developments

Answer 1

Improving traditional renewable energy sources e.g. making wind turbines more aerodynamic and creating transparent solar panels that can be used as windows would increase their efficiency so more energy would be generated.
Developing new renewable sources - e.g. a scheme in Bihar, India uses rice husks (a waste product from rice production) in small, local power plants to generate electricity.
Improving nuclear power - nuclear reactors are becoming smaller, cheaper, safer and more efficient.
Reducing energy consumption e.g. developing more energy-efficient appliances and vehicles.

Question 2

Environmental developments

Answer 2

Public opinion - increasing environmental awareness may put pressure on governments and TNCs to develop and use more environmentally friendly energy sources.
Climate change- the Paris Agreement (2015) is a global climate deal that aims to reduce global carbon emissions, e.g. by taxing carbon emissions. This may change the global energy mix and force companies to use greener energy sources and more efficient technologies. However, the USA’s withdrawal from the deal in 2017 may affect its success.

Question 3

Economic developments

Answer 3

Energy costs-energy costs may rise as unconventional fossil fuel sources (e.g. fracking) make up more of the supply. This could lead to fuel poverty, where people can’t afford to adequately heat their homes. Higher energy costs may also affect industry, hindering economic development.
Carbon markets - countries have to pay for their carbon emissions. Prices may increase to make the use of renewable sources more attractive.