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BNF > Resource Pharm - side effects > Flashcards

Resource Pharm - side effects Flashcards

1
Q

What colour does Senna cause your urine to be?

A

Red/yellow

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2
Q

What colour does sulfasalazine cause your urine to be?

A

Yellow-orange

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3
Q

What colour does phenindione cause your urine to be?

A

Pink/orange

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4
Q

What colour does levodopa preparations cause your urine to be?

A

Reddish/darker

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5
Q

What colour does entacapone cause your urine to be?

A

Reddish brown

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6
Q

What colour does nefopam cause your urine to be?

A

Pink

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7
Q

What colour does Clofazimine cause your urine to be?

A

Red

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8
Q

What colour does nitrofurantoin cause your urine to be?

A

Yellow/brown

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9
Q

What colour does rifabutin cause your urine to be?

A

Orange-red

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10
Q

What colour does rifampicin cause your urine to be?

A

Orange-red

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11
Q

What colour does dantrone medicines cause your urine to be? e.g. co-danthramer, co-danthrusate

A

Red

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12
Q

What colour does triamterene medicines cause your urine to be? e.g. Frusene, co-triamterzide

A

Blue in some lights

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13
Q

What colour does deferiprone cause your urine to be?

iron chelator

A

Reddish brown

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14
Q

True or false:

SSRIs are less sedating and are associated with fewer antimuscarinic and cardiotoxic side effects than tricyclic antidepressants

A

True

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15
Q

What are the side effects of antidepressants that could contribute to a fall?

A

Drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, postural hypotension, visual disturbances

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16
Q

What are the side effects of antipsychotics that could contribute to a fall?

A

Postural hypotension, drowsiness, unsteady gait (walking), confusion

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17
Q

What are the side effects of antimuscarinics that could contribute to a fall?

A

Drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, blurred vision

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18
Q

What are the side effects of benzos and hypnotics e.g. zopiclone that could contribute to a fall?

A

Drowsiness, unsteady gait (walking), confusion

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19
Q

What are the side effects of dopaminergic drugs used in Parkinson’s that could contribute to a fall?

A

Sudden onset of sleep, postural hypotension, confusion

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20
Q

What are the side effects of ACEi and ARBs that could contribute to a fall?

A

Dizziness, postural hypotension

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21
Q

What are the side effects of alpha blockers that could contribute to a fall?

A

Dizziness, postural hypotension

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22
Q

What are the side effects of anti-arrythmics that could contribute to a fall?

A

Bradycardia, arrhythmias, dizziness

23
Q

What are the side effects of antiepileptic drugs that could contribute to a fall?

A

Dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, visual disturbances

24
Q

What are the signs of phenytoin toxicity?

A

Confusion, visual disturbances, fever, drowsiness and ataxia

25
Q

What is ataxia?

A

Group of disorders that affect co-ordination, balance and speech

26
Q

What are the side effects of beta blockers that could contribute to a fall?

A

Dizziness, postural hypotension

27
Q

What are the side effects of diuretics that could contribute to a fall?

A

Dizziness, postural hypotension

28
Q

Make a list of drugs that commonly cause diarrhoea

A 
Magnesium containing antacids
H2 antagonists
PPIs
Misoprostol
Aminosalicylates 
Orlistat
Digoxin
Methlydopa
ACEi
SSRIs
Antibiotics
Sulphonylureas e.g. gliclazide, glipizide
Metformin
Acarbose
Levothyroxine (usually at excessive dose)
Cytotoxic drugs e.g. methotrexate
Iron preparations
NSAIDs
Colchicine
Leflunomide
29
Q

Make a list of drugs that commonly cause constipation

A

Aluminium containing antacids
Antispasmodics (mebeverine, peppermint oil)
Colestyramine
Diuretics
Antihypertensive drugs e.g. clonidine, methyldopa, propranolol, verapamil
Sedating antihistamines e.g. chlorphenamine, promethazine
Opioid analgesics
Tricyclic antidepressants
Monoamine-oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) e.g. moclobemide, phenelzine
Antipsychotics e.g. amisulpride, chlorpromazine, clozapine
Antiparkinson drugs e.g. entacapone, pramipexole, procyclidine, selegiline
Antiepileptic drugs e.g. carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, pregabalin,
Alpha blockers e.g. prazosin, tamsulosin
Iron preparations
Calcium supplements
Bisphosphonates

30
Q

Make a list of drugs that commonly cause hyperkalaemia

A 
Potassium-sparing diuretics and aldosterone antagonists
Beta blockers
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors)
Angiotensin receptor antagonists
Aliskiren (renin inhbitor)
Digoxin at toxic levels
Heparin
Trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole
Ciclosporin
Tacrolimus
Potassium supplements or salts
NSAIDs
31
Q

Make a list of drugs that may cause diarrhoea

A 
Magnesium containing antacids
H2 antagonists
PPIs
Misoprostol
Aminosalicylates 
Orlistat
Digoxin
Methlydopa
ACEi
SSRIs
Antibiotics
Sulphonylureas e.g. gliclazide, glipizide
Metformin
Acarbose
Levothyroxine (usually at excessive dose)
Cytotoxic drugs e.g. methotrexate
Iron preparations
NSAIDs
Colchicine
Leflunomide
32
Q

Make a list of drugs that may cause constipation

A

Aluminium containing antacids
Antispasmodics (mebeverine, peppermint oil)
Colestyramine
Diuretics
Antihypertensive drugs e.g. clonidine, methyldopa, propranolol, verapamil
Sedating antihistamines e.g. chlorphenamine, promethazine
Opioid analgesics
Tricyclic antidepressants
Monoamine-oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) e.g. moclobemide, phenelzine
Antipsychotics e.g. amisulpride, chlorpromazine, clozapine
Antiparkinson drugs e.g. entacapone, pramipexole, procyclidine, selegiline
Antiepileptic drugs e.g. carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, pregabalin,
Alpha blockers e.g. prazosin, tamsulosin
Iron preparations
Calcium supplements
Bisphosphonates

33
Q

Make a list of drugs that may cause hyperkalaemia

A 
Potassium-sparing diuretics and aldosterone antagonists
Beta blockers
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors)
Angiotensin receptor antagonists
Aliskiren (renin inhbitor)
Digoxin at toxic levels
Heparin
Trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole
Ciclosporin
Tacrolimus
Potassium supplements or salts
NSAIDs
34
Q

Make a list of drugs that may cause hypokalaemia

A 
Laxatives (excessive use)
Diuretics
High dose beta 2 agonists
Theophylline
High dose penicillins
Gentamicin
Amphotericin
Echinocandin antifungals
High dose insulin
Corticosteroids
Cisplatin
Sodium bicarbonate
Parecoxib
35
Q

Make a list of drugs that may cause hypernatraemia

A 
Diuretics
Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium chloride
Corticosteroids
Anabolic steroids
Adrenocorticotrophic steroids
Androgens
Oestrogens
36
Q

Make a list of drugs that may cause hyponatraemia

A 
ACEi
Heparin
Diuretics
Antidepressants
Antipsychotics
Carbamazepine
Eslicarbazepine
Oxcarbazepine
Atovaquone
Amphotericin
Sulphonylureas
Desmopressin
Cyclophosphamide
Acetazolamide
37
Q

Make a list of drugs that may cause neutropenia

A 
Aminosalicylates
Captopril
Hydralazine
Phenothiazines
Clozapine
Imipramine
Valproic acid
Carbamazepine
Ethosuximide
Phenytoin
Atovaquone
Cephalosporins
Chloramphenicol
Chloroquine
Ciprofloxacin
Metronidazole
Sulphonamides
Carbimazole
Propylthiouracil
Deferiprone
Ibuprofen
Indometacin
Anakinra
Allopurinol
Colchicine
Gold
Methotrexate
Penicillamine
38
Q

Make a list of drugs that may cause thrombocytopenia

A 
Digoxin
Heparin
Abciximab
Eptifibatide
Tirofiban
Carbamazepine
Phenytoin
Sodium Valproate
Chloramphenicol
Linezolid
Penicillins
Sulphonamides
Propylthiouracil
Interferon alfa and beta
Phenylbutazone
Azathioprine
Ciclosporin
Gold
Infliximab
Rituximab
Methotrexate
Penicillamine
Sulfasalazine
39
Q

What pulmonary side effect can NSAIDs cause?

A

Bronchospasm

40
Q

What pulmonary side effects can amiodarone cause?

A

Interstitial pneumonitis or pulmonary fibrosis, pleural effusions, pulmonary infiltrate with eosinophilia, bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia, postoperative ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome)

41
Q

What pulmonary side effects can methotrexate cause?

A

Interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary oedema, pleuritic pain, pleural thickening

42
Q

What pulmonary side effects can nitrofurantoin cause?

A

Interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, hypersensitivity lung reactions, pleural effusion, bronchospasm

43
Q

What pulmonary side effects can mitomycin C cause?

A

Interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, bronchospasm

44
Q

What pulmonary side effects can bleomycin cause?

A

Interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis

45
Q

What pulmonary side effects can infliximab cause?

A

Respiratory tract infection, pulmonary oedema, bronchospasm, pleurisy, pleural effusion, pulmonary fibrosis

46
Q

Make a list of drugs that cause insomnia

A

Monoamine-oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) e.g. phenelzine, tranylcypromine
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) e.g. fluoxetine, citalopram, sertraline, paroxetine
Bupropion
Pseudoephedrine
Highly lipid soluble beta-blockers such as propranolol, labetalol and metoprolol are more likely to cross the blood-brain barrier and cause insomnia
Antiepileptics e.g. lamotrigine, phenytoin
Lipophilic statins (simvastatin and atorvastatin) are more likely to cross the blood-brain barrier and cause insomnia
Methylphenidate
Corticosteroids
Levothyroxine (usually due to excessive dosage)
Griseofulvin
Theophylline
Beta2 agonists e.g. salbutamol, salmeterol
Oxycodone

47
Q

Is cetirizine a sedating antihistamine?

48
Q

Is acrivastine a sedating antihistamine?

49
Q

Is hydroxyzine a sedating antihistamine?

50
Q

Is promethazine a sedating antihistamine?

51
Q

Make a list of drugs that require patient counselling on reporting sore throats due to risk of blood dyscrasias?

A

• Aminosalicylates (e.g. Mesalazine, Sulfasalazine) Full blood count should be performed
and the drug stopped immediately if there is suspicion of a blood dyscrasias.
• Mirtazapine
• Carbamazepine
• Ethosuximide
• Phenytoin
• Sodium valproate
• Co-trimoxazole
• Trimethoprim
• Carbimazole
• Gold (Drug for rheumatic disease)
• Penicillamine (Drug for rheumatic disease)
• Methotrexate
• Azathioprine (transplant recipient) Bone marrow suppression – patients should be warned to
report any signs or symptoms of bone marrow suppression e.g. inexplicable bruising, bleeding or
infection.

52
Q

What can G6PD deficiency lead to?

A

Haemolytic anaemia and can occur from taking certain drugs

53
Q

What drugs have a risk of haemolysis in G6PD deficient individuals?

A
  • Dapsone
  • Methylene blue
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Primaquine
  • Quinolones
  • Sulphonamides
  • Aspirin
  • Chloroquine
  • Menadione
  • Quinine
54
Q

What drug classes cause AKIs (CANDA)?

A 
Contrast Media
ACEi
NSAIDs
Diuretics
ARBs

BNF (21 decks)

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