resource management- paper 2 Flashcards
overview
what are the 3 main resources
food
water
energy
overview
explain how food is important for social well being
2 points
include one fact
lack of food can lead to…
a lack of food can lead to malnutrition which causes illness and possibly death.
malnutrition is an underlying cause of death of 2.6 million children each year
a lack of food causes food prices to increase due to increased demand so poorer people may not have access to food, or will spend more money on food and less on healthcare and education.
overview
explain how food is important for economic well being
2 points
a lack of food leads to…
a lack of food leads to malnutrition so less people are able to work so less tax is being generated so the government has less to spend on economic development.
a lack of food leads to malnutrition so the government as to spend more on healthcare so has less for education and economic development.
overview
explain how water is important for social well being
3 points
a lack of water means that… x3
a lack of water means that people are thirsty so may become ill
a lack of water might mean that people have to walk a long way to wells so lose time to work so have less money for individuals.
a lack of water might mean that people are forced to buy expensive bottled water so spend more money on water and less on healthcare and education.
overview
explain how water is important for economic well being
a lack of water means that… x2
water is required for industry so a lack of water leads to less industry so less money is made so the government have less money to spend on economic development
a lack of water means less sanitation so diseases spread so people become ill so more money spent on healthcare.
overview
explain how energy is important for social well being
lack of energy so … x1
a lack of energy means that people are unable to heat their homes so may become ill
overview
explain how energy is important for economic well being
lack of energy means x2
lack of energy means less industry so less wealth so less money for economic development.
lack of energy means that people cook on indoor wood fires so people become ill or die so less workers so less tax so government has less to spend on economic development
overview
give an overview of global inequalities in the supply and consumption of food
areas of surplus… areas of scarcity…
areas of surplus are countries with less extreme climates so are able to grow food. e.g. europe and north america
areas of scarcity are poorer countries so people arent able to buy food. e.g. LIC’s
overview
give an overview of global inequalities in the supply and consumption of water
areas of surplus… areas of scarcity…
areas of scarcity: high pressure so air sinking so clouds cannot form so less rain.
areas of surplus: areas of low pressure
however some countries have rain but cannot afford to keep the water
overview
give an overview of global inequalities in the supply and consumption of energy
areas of surplus… areas of scarcity…
areas of scarcity: poorer countries like sudan and chad.
areas of surplus: wealthy countries like canada and iceland. this is because they are either large or geographically lucky or are able to afford to import energy or have renewable energy potential e.g. geothermal
overview
how well off is the UK in terms of resources
give 3 points
- uk has access to coal, oil, natural gas and iron ore to generate energy
- uk has many wind, solar and hydrogenerators to generate energy
- uk produces different types of food like potatoes and lamb
UK- overview of FOOD
how have our eating habits changed?
give 3 points
- more high value foods consumed (e.g. mango and pineapple)
- less seasonal food
- eat more organic food
UK- overview of FOOD
why have our eating habits changed?
give 3 points
- GLOBALISATION means that food can be moved around more easily, food can be traded, technology has imporved and people are able to travel so are more culturally diverse
- INCREASED WEALTH so more money to spend on food
- EDUCATION so people know more about animal welfare and healthcare (environement, animal welfare, healthy eating, avoiding chemical residues)
UK- overview of FOOD
how does importing food increase the UK’s carbon footprint?
food miles
11% Uk carbon emissions due to food transportation
transportation often by train or lorry
–> uses fossil fuels to generate energy
–> increase carbon emissions
–> carbon foot print increases
UK- overview of FOOD
What are the alternatives to having food shipped to the UK?
there are 3
- use a greenhouse to grow exotic/non seasonal food
- avoid food that has travelled by plane, food by ship is better as it tends to be less carbon intesive
- eat only local seasonal food
UK- overview of FOOD
What are food miles
short answer
the distance the food travels before being consumed
UK- overview of FOOD
Why are food miles not so simple?
longer answer- think production, transport, spanish tomatoes
food emissions are dominated by their production rather than their transport. for example only 4% of total food emissions were from transport
reducing food miles and buying locally grown food does reduce transport emissions however it may largely increase production emissions
SO by eating local and seasonal food total food emissions decrease
UK- overview of FOOD
what is the socio-ethical issue with only eating local and seasonal food
think farmers and eco friendly
food miles provide incomes for farmers in Africa, South America and Asia
e.g. Kenya relies on agriculture for more than half their trade
mayve been produced in a more eco friendly way in the native country
e.g. Beans from Kenya are produced in a less carbon intesive way as it doesnt require tractors or harmful fertilisers
UK- overview of FOOD
what are the 3 problems of only eating locally grown food?
- energy required in production for out of season food
- loss of jobs in LIC’s
- expensive for consumer
UK- overview of FOOD
what is the problem with energy for buying locally grown food
to grow non-native or non-seasonal food in the wrong climate large amounts of energy to generate heat and light in greenhouses
e.g. even though they’d have to travel, if Sweden buys tomatoes from Spain rather than growing them locally in a greenhouse, it reduces emissions by 3.1 kg CO2e/kg
UK- overview of FOOD
what is the problem with costs for consumer with buying locally grown food
the costs of heating, labour and fertilisers have increased in the UK so locally grown food is very expensive. By buying locally grown food in the UK, food insecurity will increase as food prices increase.
in 2024 nearly 10 million adults and children lived in households struggling to afford or access sufficient food
UK- overview of FOOD
What is an agribusiness and what are its features?
definition: large firms control all stages of the process from the production of seeds to the packing of food
features: large scale, lots of machinery, lots of chemicals
UK- overview of FOOD
why is there a trend in the UK towards agrinusiness?
give 3 reasons
- feild sizes have increased so grow more crops so more profits
- more chemicals are used so increases size and number of yeild, so more profits
- more machines so less workers so food costs come down as food is produced more cheaply
UK- overview of FOOD
what are the negatives of agribusinesses?
give 3
- more chemicals are used so more chemicals end up in rivers
- more chemicals are used so food is less healthy
- more machines so less work in rural areas
UK- overview of WATER
why is demand for water in the uk increasing?
3 reasons + include a fact
- population increase
- increased household use - household use has increased by 70% since 1985
- increased population density- younger people in cities (industry and children)
UK- overview of WATER
what are the 5 causes of water pollution
- microplastics- domestic household products e.g. exfoliator
- sewage- water companies pumping sewage into rivers
- fertilisers and pesticides on farms
- oil spills
- industry- chemicals washed into rivers
UK- overview of WATER
what can microbacteria in sewage spread?
impacts of water pollution
infectious diseases that can be caught by fish, humans and animals
UK- overview of WATER
what do pesticides kill?
impacts of water pollution
important parts of the ecosystem
UK- overview of WATER
how can toxic waste be transferred to humans
impacts of water pollution
by eating shellfish or fish that have absorbed the toxins
UK- overview of WATER
what do more fertilisers lead to
impacts of water pollution
more nutrients in the water
UK- overview of WATER
if there are increased nutrients in the water what will happen
impacts of water pollution
algae will grow on the surface which reduces photosynthesis for plants under the water
this is called eutrophication
UK- overview of WATER
who suffers most from a lack of clean water
impacts of water pollution
fishermen and tourist workers who rely on clean waters
UK- overview of WATER
what are 3 solutions for managing water in the UK
- building better treatement plants and investing in new infrastructure
- green roofs and walls
- legislation
UK- overview of WATER
what are the pros and cons of building better treatement plants and investing in new infrastructure as a solution to managing water quality in the uk?
advantages:
better sewage infrastructure and water mains can prevent spills and accidents
disadvantages:
however it can lead to higher water and sewage bills to pay for the investment which is a problem due to the cost of living crisis
UK- overview of WATER
what are the pros and cons of green roofs and walls as a solution to managing water quality in the uk?
3 each
pros:
in cities new buildings often have green roofs which naturally filter out pollutants in rain water
offers excellent sustainable water management reducing the risk of flooding by reducing run off from the roof
combat climate change as acts as a carbon sink
cons:
more expensive than a regular roof
requires more maintenance
heavier- may require retro fitting to cope with the extra load
UK- overview of WATER
what are the pros and cons of legislation as a solution to managing water quality in the uk?
pros:
strict laws in the UK ensure that factories and farms are limited to the amount and the type of discharge that they put in rivers
water companies have strict rules and penalties too
–> this reduces the risk of rivers becoming polluted
cons:
has to be enforced so regular checks are needed
fines- may not deter if changes are more expensive
UK- overview of WATER
describe where the areas of surplus and the areas of defecit are in the UK
defecit–> south east and east coast and midlands
surplus –> northwest and west coast
why? lots of weather over the atlantic is stopped by mountains
UK- overview of WATER- Elan Valley Water Transfer Scheme
where does it transfer water to and from?
Mid Wales in the Elan valley to Birmingham
UK- overview of WATER- Elan Valley Water Transfer Scheme
why was it built?
- areas surrounding the elan valley had a surplus of rainfall
- valley is steep which makes the dam easier to build
- impermeable rock means the water won’t leak away
- area is higher than birmingham so water can flow using gravity rather than pumps
UK- overview of WATER- Elan Valley Water Transfer Scheme
what are the issues with building dams? give pros and cons
pros:
resevoirs can be used for watersports
provides water security for population
can be used for HEP
cons:
dams are expensive- £6 mill
large areas of land flooded
people relocated
habitats damaged
affects fish migration
UK- overview of ENERGY
how has the UK energy mix changed?
in 1970 coal was the main source used to generate electricity supplying over 60%. By 2010 gas had become the no.1 source used to generate electricity
UK- overview of ENERGY
describe the UK energy mix in 1970 and explain why this was
describe:
mostly coal and oil used, making up about half of the mix each. a bit of nuclear energy and natural gas used
why??
the uk had many coal mines
cheap
not discovered the North Sea gas yet
technology for renewables didnt exist or was VERY expensive
climate change not on agenda
UK- overview of ENERGY
describe the UK energy mix in 2010 and explain why this was
describe:
larger energy mix as not reliant one one source, about 80% fossil fuels and largely natural gas. far less coal
why??
coal ran out- coal mines closed
coal doesnt burn cleanly- particulate matter- gas is 50% cleaner than coal
discovered north sea gas
new tech and cheaper
more climate aware
UK- overview of ENERGY
what is fracking
small answer
the process of extracting natural gas from shale rock layers deep within the earth
so: creating fractures in rocks and rock formations by injecting specialized fluid into cracks to force them to open further
UK- overview of ENERGY
what are some points supporting fracking?
there are 3
- electricity can be generated at half of the CO2 emissions of coal, and much more cheaply than other renewable resources. However renewables have no/ very little CO2 emissions
- could largely contribute to the UK’s future energy needs–> Caudrilla claimed that 10% of gas from shale deposits in Lancanshire could supply years worth of the UK’s current gas demand
- creates much needed employment, however only short term as it is a finite resource
UK- overview of ENERGY
what are some points against fracking?
there are 2
- injection of fluid at high temperatures causes earth tremors. 120 tremors recorded while drilling at a site in Blackpoole , however considered minor as they were barely felt
- allowing fracking could distract energy firms and governements from investing in renewable energy
UK- overview of ENERGY
describe the distribution of areas with existing licences for fracking in the UK
there is no general pattern as the areas are fairly evenly distributed across the UK. Many of the areas are coastal apart from Telford and Nottingham
UK- overview of ENERGY
why is fracking particularly important in de-industrialised areas such as Edinburgh?
it encourages cheap energy so factories and industries open up therefore providing jobs for locals.
UK- overview of ENERGY
What are the economic challenges of fossil fuels?
3
challenges:
-much of the remaining coal is in hard-to-access areas, often deep underground such as the North Sea, which is expensive to mine. also often in sensitive areas like Dorset, or populated areas like Sussex
-miners often suffer from diseases related to their jobs and emissions from fossil fuels which can cause respiratory issues, incurring a cost to health services
-costs of climate change, for example increased flooding requiring flood defences
UK- overview of ENERGY
what are the economic benefits of fossil fuels?
2
- creation of jobs directly, in the manufacture of equipment and in support industry. money and jobs to an area = multiplier effect
- provides lower energy costs to consumers
UK- overview of ENERGY
what are the environmental challenges of fossil fuels?
2
- burning fossil fuels creates green house gases which contribute to climate change
- open cast mines are unsightly, can create dust and noise, and uses large amounts of land so disturbs local wildlife and people
UK- overview of ENERGY
what are the economic challenges of nuclear energy?
2
- enormous costs to store and transport nuclear waste and very expensive to decomission power stations
- huge costs of building nuclear power stations
UK- overview of ENERGY
what are the economic opportunities of nuclear energy?
2
- creates jobs in research and development for new technology in the nuclear power industry
- after initial investement, energy generated by nuclear power is seen to be cheaper
UK- overview of ENERGY
what are the environmental challenges of nuclear energy?
2
- nuclear accidents can lead to release of radiation in atmosphere which can have long, detrimental impacts on wildlife and people
- the waste from nuclear power stations must be stored safely for many years to avoid contamination
UK- overview of ENERGY
what are the environmental opportunities of nuclear energy?
1
nuclear power is seen to be cleaner and less polluting than energy generated by fossil fuels
UK- overview of ENERGY
what are the economic challenges of renewable energy
2
- high set up costs such as wind turbines and solar farms and tidal power stations, especially in remote areas which are ideal for this type of energy generation
- the impact on the visual environment can affect tourism, reducing income and jobs
UK- overview of ENERGY
what are the economic opportunities of renewable energy?
1
many jobs are created in the manufacture of solar panels and wind turbines along with jobs in research and development
UK- overview of ENERGY
what are the environmental challenges of renewables?
2
- wind turbines can effect bird migration patterns and bat life in the area. turbines located at sea have an impact on sea currents and on fish and bird life
- wind turbines and the associated access roads can impact untouched areas like the scottish highlands
UK- overview of ENERGY
what are the environmental opportunities of renewables?
3
- produces much lower carbon emissions
- offshore wind turbines can act as an artificial reef, creating habitats for marine wildlife
- land used for sitting wind turbines can also support other uses like farming and leisure
energy
why do we need energy?
3
for any type of transportation
human well-being like hospitals, schools, heating, cooking
industry
energy
define energy security
energy security means having a reliable, uninterrupted and affordable supply of energy available. factors that determine supply are access to ff reserves, wealth to import and advanced technologies
energy
where is energy secure/ has an energy surplus?
HICs like europe and north america
energy
where is energy insecure/ has an energy defecit?
africa- central and southern
areas of south east asia
energy
define energy consumption
how much energy a country uses
energy
why is energy consumption generally highest in HIC’s?
this is because as wealth increases so does energy demand, people have access to more technology that uses energy and car ownership increases increasing energy consumption, on top of this more people are likely to fly on a regular basis and this uses a lot of energy
energy
why is energy consumption only fairly high in NEE’s?
this is because NEE’s are countries with growing industry sectors with lots of factories which require lots of energy to run. they are also developing countries so their supply will become increasingly more available as energy infrastructure improves
energy
why is energy consumption generally the lowest in LIC’s?
this is because they are mainly working in the primary sector, like subsistence farming which does not require energy as it is mostly done by animal or hand
energy
why is the global consumption for energy increasing?
3 reasons
- population increase - there are more people using energy, predicted to be 10bn people on earth by 2050
- economic wealth increases - people are richer so can afford to use more energy, e.g. dishwashers, cars, plane travel
-
new techonology - creation of more electric products available to use
however, technological advancements can lead to the creation of more energy efficient applainces like automatic motion light bulbs
energy
where is energy consumption increasing the most?
In NEE’s and LIC’s as growing population wealth leads to more people using tech, and there is an increasing population
in HIC’s generally the population is already wealthy and in some HIC’s people are becoming more environmentally aware so are reducing their energy consumption
energy
where does our energy come from?
(ffs)
countries with geographical luck and a large landmass are more likely to have larger energy production. for example, Russia is very large and has 60% of the worlds natural gas reserves along with Qatar and Iran
countries also need to be wealthy enough to extract the fossil fuels out of the ground
energy
list the 4 factors that affect a countries energy supply
- physical
- economic
- political
- technological
energy
what are the physical factors that affect a countries energy supply
4
- there is an uneven distribution of fossil fuels –> it depends on geographical luck and landmass
- harsh climate or mountaneous terrain may make it difficult to access resources
- some countries have better renewable energy potential than others. for example, geothermal heating meets the heating and hot water requirements for 87% of buildings in Iceland
- liklihood of natural disasters that could damage infrastructure for energy
energy
what are the economic factors that affect a countries energy supply
4
- non renewable energy sources are left becoming increasingly difficult to reach so they are more costly to extract
- prices of fossil fuels are volatile- they can very depending on commplex economic and political factors
- cost of building new energy infrastructure (like wind farms) can be very high
- some LIC’s have potential energy sources but cannot afford to exploit them
energy
what are the political factors that affect a countries energy supply
4
- wars and political instability in countries with large energy reserves affect their ability to export their resources –> e.g. during Gulf War 1990 exports of oil from Middle East decreased
- public are concerned over the safety of nuclear power and nuclear waste disposal
- climate change - international agreements - some countries have to reduce ff use
- NIMBYism
energy
what are the technological factors that affect a countries energy supply
1 good
1 bad
- new technology has allowed us to access new sources of energy
- some countries are not able to exploit their energy as technology required is unavailable or too expensive –> e.g. Niger has large uranium reserves but not the technology to develop nuclear power plants
energy- impacts of energy security
What are the advantages and disadvantages of exploring difficult and environmentally sensitive areas to find more energy?
there is a small example/ case study for this one
2 pros
3 cons
context: the US are considering exploring an area called the ANWR in Alaska as previously relied on energy from Prudhoe but now it is running out
pros:
- only considering exploring 8% of the ANWR
- no longer importing oil to US, so saves money as it is cheaper than the other imports
cons:
- environmental- potential for oil spills which is particularly bad as it is an environmentally sensitive area with over 200 species
- major decline in caribou as their migration patterns are disturbed by pipelines
- denning polar bears (polar bears in dens) are sensitive to industrial activity so leave their dens and abandon their cubs leaving to a decline in population numbers
energy- impacts of energy security
what are the advantages and disadvantages of increased use of renewables?
3 cons
2 pros
like normal pros and cons of REP
pros:
- low GHG emissions
- increased renewable energy supply so less people use fossil fuels
cons:
- set up costs are very high, however this is a short term cost and the running prices are often low
- takes up space and unaesthetically pleasing
- dependant on climate
energy- impacts of energy security
what are the advantages and disadvantages of increased economic costs due to the need to import lots of fuel to meet demand?
1 pro
4 cons
pros:
- increased costs mean people will use less energy which is more environmentally friendly
cons:
- country becomes vulnerable to fluctuating prices and over priced energy through imports
- money may be spent extracting fossil fuels from an environmentally sensitive area which is very expensive
- less energy and high demand means energy prices are higher
- if costs for household energy increases, people may not be able to afford heating and cooking bills leading to poor health
fuel poverty is when energy takes up more than 10% of household income
energy- impacts of energy security
what are the advantages and disadvantages of energy insecurity leading to decreased food production due to feilds and space for food being taken up by space for biofuel production
pros:
- reduces energy insecurity
cons:
- less food production due to biofuel production means food prices rise
- local farmers struggle as their land is used for biofuel
- poorer people can now not afford the rising food prices or the rising energy prices leading to malnourishment, poor health and poverty
energy- impacts of energy security
what are the 6 impacts of energy security
- exploration of environmentally sensitive areas
- increased use of renewables
- increased economic costs
- decreased food production
- reduction in industrial output
- potential for conflict
energy- impacts of energy security
what are the advantages and disadvantages of a reduction in industrial output due to energy insecurity?
this is because there isnt enough energy to support industry
1 pro
3 cons
pros:
- people become less consumeristic as prices for items and clothing increases due to less production, so people look to second hand alternatives which is more eco freindly
cons:
- loss of jobs as factories close down
- reduces countrys GDP as factories close down
- energy is more expensive so prices of goods increase
energy- impacts of energy security
what are the advantages and disadvantages of potential for conflict due to energy insecurity
1 con
1 pro
con:
- higher energy prices, e.g. UK and China has unfair competition as China is able to produce goods and sells goods more cheaply as the UK but spends the same price on energy
pro:
- countries can end up compromising, e.g Egypt and Ethiopia share the river Nile and use it for HEP (dam and resevoir) energy
energy- different energy sources
what are the 7 renewable energy sources?
- biomass
- wind
- solar
- HEP (hydro-electric power)
- tidal
- wave
- geothermal
energy- different energy sources
biomass
what is it?
advantages?
energy generated from burning biofuels such as biodeisel made from crops and methane captured from the decomposition of rubbish in landfill sites
pros:
- cheap to produce
- utilises waste
- helps tropical countrys like Brazil to generate their own energy
- carbon neutral, plants absorb CO2 as they grow
- biodeisel can replace oil deisel for transport
energy- different energy sources
wind
what is it?
pros?
cons?
electricity generated by the power of wind turning a turbine
pros:
- doesnt produce GHG’s
- can be offshore so doesnt take up valuable space on land
- renewable- wont run out
cons:
- tourist industry claims that it will ruin the tourists view and their business, this creates social tension/conflict
energy- different energy sources
solar
what is it?
pros?
cons?
electricity generated by the power of the sun
pros:
- benefits countrys along the tropics (many LIC’s)
- wont run out
- doesnt release GHG’s
- once set up, cheap to run
- jobs created through developing new technology
cons:
- takes up space - unattractive - NIMBYism
- expensive to install
energy- different energy sources
HEP
what is it?
pros?
cons?
Electricity generated by the downward movement of water turning a turbine through the use of dams and reseviors
pros:
- doesnt release GHG’s
- after initial set up, produces cheap energy
- resevoirs can create tourism opportunities and leisure opportunities like watersport youth clubs
cons:
- resevoirs behind dams take up space, can displace people and ruin habitats, this can lead to social tension and conflict
- in tropical countries stagnant water attracts mosquitos increasing malaria
- impacts fish migration
energy- different energy sources
tidal
what is it?
pros?
cons?
converts the energy from tides into electricity
pros:
-reliable source of renewable energy because globally tides happen twice a day
cons:
- only possible for countries with a coastline
- large environmental impacts
energy- different energy sources
wave
what is it?
pros?
cons?
generating electricity from the motion of passing waves
pros:
- doesnt release GHG
- offshore so doesn’t take up valuable space on land
cons:
- only possible for countries with a coastline
energy- different energy sources
geothermal
what is it?
pros?
cons?
thermal energy that is tapped by drilling holes deep into the earths crust
pros:
- cost effective
- reliable
- environmentally friendly- sustainable
cons:
- limitied to volcanic/geothermal areas like Iceland
- unable to power transport
energy- different energy sources
fossil fuels
what is it?
pros?
cons?
add fact
decomposed fossilised animals like plankton create natural gas
84% global energy from FF’s
pros:
- cheap to turn into energy
- produce large amounts of energy and are reliable
- they are known technologies so we already have the infrastructure to put in place to use them
- easily stored and transported when we need them
cons:
- can be a scarce and expensive form of energy
- non renewable as formed over millions of years
- emits CO2 which contributes to the GHG effect
- releases particulate matter which can lead to respiratory problems
- depends on geographical luck
energy- different energy sources
nuclear
what is it?
pros?
cons?
uranium is used in nuclear fission which is used to create steam which drives electric turbines
pros:
- doesnt require a large amount of natural resources
- doesnt produce CO2
- creates jobs in research and development
cons:
- radioactive waste has to be stored for thousands of years
- nuclear disasters are very serious- people displaced, birth problems, long term cancer, kills habitats
- very expensive to decomission
energy: a sustainable energy future
what 5 things make a sustainable energy supply?
- using fossil fuels effectively
- developing renewable energy
- consuming less by being more efficient or conserving energy
- causing less damage to the environment
- being affordable to all (HIC’s and LIC’s)
energy: a sustainable energy future
what are 5 things individuals could do to reduce their energy use?
- use more sustainable transport - less energy is used as less cars are used and buses are more energy effiecient so less CO2 is emitted
- reduce consumerism- buy clothes and items that are second hand or sustainably produced so less industry so less CO2 is emitted
- get an energy meter- understand usage and become more aware so use less so less CO2 is emitted
- switch of applainces when not in use so less energy used so less CO2 emitted
- buy locally- reduce air miles so less energy is used so less CO2 is emitted
energy: a sustainable energy future
define carbon emissions
carbon emissions are a measure of the amount of greenhouse gases that in individual produces. they include direct emissions (travelling by car, using electrical applainces) and indirect emissions (production of clothes or transport of food)
energy: a sustainable energy future
give 3 examples of how well designed homes can lead to a more sustainable future
add fact
- design houses that are well insulated- less energy used to heat house so using less ffs. by insulating your home you can reduce the amount of energy you use by 10%
- turn off the lights when leaving a room- energy is conserved so reduces energy demand so less energy used
- reduce water consumption- less energy used for heating water so energy is conserved so demand is reduced so less energy produced
energy: a sustainable energy future
give 2 ways to make a sustainable workplace
add fact
- businesses can invest in renewable energies, e.g the wind farm at the Nissan car plant in Sunderland
- bussiness can look into energy conservation in their buildings like having motion light sensors so they automatically turn off and computer screens that automatically turn off
energy: a sustainable energy future
give 2 ways to make sustainable transport
- electric vehicles do not have to burn ffs. they can run by using renewable energy to create electricity
- investing in public transport so that it is more frequent and goes to places so more people use it and are moved using less energy (like bus systems in Curitiba, London, and Lagos)
energy: a sustainable energy future
give 2 ways to demand energy reduction to lead to a more sustainable future
- congestion charges- encourage people to leave their cars at home so less ffs used
- fitting smart meters show people amount of energy they use and its costs tending to lead to reduced energy usage
energy: a sustainable energy future
how can technology be used to increase the efficiency of ff use
add fact
CHP (combined heat and power) is the use of a power station to generate electricity and useful heat at the same time. uses the same traditional burning of ffs but waste heat produced in the process is then used to heat water for the use in housing projects or large public buildings like hospitals. this leads to a potential efficiency of 80%
energy: a sustainable energy future
what is the case study looking at sustainable energy (name)
A case study of a local renewable energy scheme in an LIC:
Nepal and its Micro-hydro plants
energy: a sustainable energy future- CASE STUDY
what are the problems of energy poverty in Nepal?
add fact
the present demand for electricity is small, but the demand is growing as the country develops
wood has been a traditional source of energy however this has led to deforestation
the current electric grid system has large power cuts- lasting an average of 10 hours per day
energy: a sustainable energy future- CASE STUDY
what are the problems of delivering energy in Nepal?
Nepal has no significant deposits of coil, oil or gas
Nepal is landlocked and mountainous so importing ffs is difficult
energy: a sustainable energy future- CASE STUDY
what are micro hydro plants
water is diverted from a river through a settling basin to remove damaging sediment
then water is channeled to a forebay tank
then water falls to a turbine which provides electricity for locals
this is called a run-off-river method, similar to HEP but using the natural flow of a river
energy: a sustainable energy future- CASE STUDY
why is Nepal well suited to the development of micro hydro plants
low cost and suits mountainous terrain
energy: a sustainable energy future- CASE STUDY
what are the direct and indirect advantages of a micro hydro plant system in Nepal?
add fact
direct:
- doesnt cause flooding that HEP schemes cause
- provides low-cost reliable energy for rural and remote areas so meets energy needs
- provides jobs for locals in production and maintenance
- poorer rural communities can have clean renewable energy
indirect:
- attracts industries to the area leading to economic development — Darbang now has several new industries including metal and furniture workshops and a noodle factory since micro hydro plant in 2009
