Resource Management Flashcards
Nepal - current energy situation
Fuelwood 76%
It is polluting and demand exceeds supply
Only 9% of the rural population have electricity (HEP plants provide more which improves QoL)
Nepal local energy scheme
1000 HEP plants built in 52 districts - 700 households
Work increase in Durbang
Increases their energy security
Less deforestation (eg landslides, floods for fuelwood)
UK imported food
47% - 68% from within EU
food contributes to 17% of UK’s carbon footprint
This is cheaper for us - eg some food can’t normally be grown in UK so would have a higher cf if we tried to (eg bananas)
Uk food trends
Increasing demand for organic - worth £2bn a year
Agribusiness (large scale farming) means less employed in farming
Locally sourced food is more popular (less carbon footprint)
UK Water household increase
70% since 1985
UK Water deficit in SE
80% rely on groundwater
Highest population and lowest rainfall
UK Water demand increase
Population growth
Increased personal hygiene
Affluence = more demand
Increasing industrial use
Energy inequality
Richest billion use 50% of energy
Poorest billion use 4%
UK energy mix
Coal 31%
Gas 25%
Nuclear 19%
Renewable 22%
In 1970 coal was 91%
Shale most recent focus
Energy consumption in homes/ industry
12% less in homes
60% less in industry
Why? More efficient, more expensive and more awareness
Global energy consumption
90% is from fossil fuels
HICs are the major consumers and often producers
Energy insecurity
Rise in prices will increase living costs
Forced to build wind farms/ HEP plants in beautiful areas, drilling in fragile environments
Conflict between suppliers and consumers eg Russia Ukraine 2009
Factors that affect energy supply
Physical - geology, climate, environmental conditions (eg Artic difficult to extract)
Human - costs of exploitation and production (rise in demand means more difficult sources), technology, political factors
Natural gas
24% of world’s supply. Found in shale rock
No waste, 45% less carbon emissions than coal
BUT
dangerous leakages (chemicals)
Infrastructure for extraction expensive
Minor earthquakes
Malmo sustainable city
First Carbon neutral city in Europe
Waste
Food waste used to create a biogas
Advanced cleaning system
Most waste-to-energy efficient plant in Sweden
Malmo transport
Cyclists have paths and priority
Car pool of electric cars
Malmo energy
1000 buildings with 100% renewable energy
2MW wind turbine
Solar tubes on buildings to store hit water
Carbon neutral
Smart meters in every home
Malmo Green spaces
More
Green roofs
Less dependence on cars
