Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

(13) Geography 2 > Resource Management > Flashcards

Resource Management Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

What are the different ways natural resources can be defined as?

A
  1. biotic
  2. abiotic
  3. renewable
  4. non renewable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a biotic resource?

A

one that is obtained by the biosphere and is capable of reproduction e.g. wood, maize, animals etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an abiotic resource?

A

one that is obtained from the lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere e.g. minerals, soil, water etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a non renewable resource?

A

combustible sources that can not be remade in a realistic timescale e.g. oil, coal, uranium etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a renewable resource?

A

one that can be replenished in a realistic timescale and is potentially inexhaustible e.g. wind, solar etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why do people exploit the environment?

A

in order to obtain water, food and energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In what ways to people exploit the environment to obtain water, food and energy? (4)

A
  1. extraction of fossil fuels
  2. deforestation
  3. fishing
  4. farming
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does the extraction of fossil fuels exploit the environment?

A
  • scars the land
  • 1960s oil extraction in Ecuador led to 18 billion gallons of toxic water dumped into rivers
  • local tribes relied on these rivers - led to miscarriages and birth defects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does deforestation exploit the environment?

A
  • 70,000 hectares has been cleared in Cameroon for palm oil
  • led to extensive soil erosion
  • had high biodiversity with over 600 species of trees
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does fishing exploit the environment?

A
  • unsustainable fishing practices led to overfishing and decline in cod in the North Sea
  • catches fell from 300,000 tonnes to 20,000 (1970-2006)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does farming exploit the environment?

A
  • 40% of land is used for farming
  • more extensive farming practices led to land degradation
  • natural habitat cleared for intensive monoculture farming reduces biodiversity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are environments changed by this exploitation?

A
  1. reduced biodiversity
  2. soil erosion
  3. reduced water/air quality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Are natural resources evenly distributed?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How are fossil fuels distributed globally? (3)

A
  1. oil in Middle East - Saudi Arabia and Iran expected to have 100 billion barrels of oil in reserve
  2. coal reserves in China - often in sedimentary rock areas
  3. natural gas in Russia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is agriculture/forestry distributed globally?

A
  • high productivity at the equator due to high precipitation and sun - latosol soil type (infertile)
  • lower at poles due to sun deficit - podsol soil type
  • very low at the tropics due to low precipitation/deserts - desert sandy soils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are rocks and minerals distributed globally?

A

china, brazil, india, russia and australia

- minerals like gold in past tectonically active areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is the water supply distributed globally?

A
  • water surplus at the equator (rainforests) and mountains

- water deficit along arid environments in tropics e.g. North Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the UK distribution of Natural Resources? (3)

A
  1. water supply - higher in north and west
  2. agriculture - arable farming in the east (as flat fertile land) e.g. east anglia, livestock farming in wetter land of north (west)
  3. oil and gas - extracted from the North Sea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the global energy mix at the moment and how is this expected to change?

A
  • dominated by fossil fuels at 80%

- expected to drop to 76% by 2020

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What was the UK energy mix in 2014?

A 
Natural Gas 34.1%
Oil 34%
Coal 16%
Nuclear 7%
Bioenergy 5%
Wind and Hydro 2%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the global patterns in consumption or resources?

A

people in developed countries consume up the ten times more than those in developing countries (food, energy and water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why does consumption of resources vary globally?

A
  1. population size (1.3 billion in China)
  2. consumerist lifestyle/advances in technology (more demand - global energy consumption +56% in next 35 years as developing countries change lifestyle)
  3. availability of resources (uk is good for wind power)
  4. wealth (more developed countries can invest in a wider mix but less developed can not e.g. Pakistan relies on imported oil)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does a chloropleth map show?

A

colour coded map

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Gapminder?

A

little circles of different sizes in a correlation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Give a fact about coal consumption

A

China is biggest coal consumer - 3621 tonnes in 2012

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the positive impacts of coal on the people?

A
  1. large amounts of energy can be made - 4% rise in coal consumption in 2014
  2. plentiful supply in 70 countries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the negative impacts of coal on the people?

A
  1. mining causes subsidence of buildings

2. miners at risk of illness/death - can reduce life expectancy by 10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the negative impacts of coal on the environment?

A
  1. groundwater becomes polluted

2. burning coal produces CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the positive impacts of oil extraction (tar sands) on the people?

A
  1. process creates jobs e.g. 514,000 in Canada
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the negative impacts of oil extraction (tar sands) on the people?

A
  1. leaks/spills expose people to harmful chemicals
31
Q

What are the negative impacts of oil extraction (tar sands) on the environment?

A
  1. oil spills pollute groundwater and drinking water
  2. contributes to climate change
  3. lots of water needed - 6 barrels per 1 barrel of oil
  4. land cleared for extraction
32
Q

Give an example of oil extraction?

A

tar sands in Alberta Sands, Canada - 514,000 jobs created

33
Q

What are the positive impacts of natural gas extraction (fracking - role of technology) on people?

A
  1. safe as it is lighter than air and dissipates in a leak
  2. plentiful supply - enough to last 70 years in the UK
  3. increase in supply of gas in US made prices cheaper
  4. 2 million jobs created in fracking industry
34
Q

What are the negative impacts of natural gas extraction (fracking - role of technology) on people?

A
  1. leads to subsidence of homes or seismic activity affecting local people
35
Q

What are the positive impacts of natural gas extraction (fracking - role of technology) on the environment?

A
  1. fewer emissions than other fossil fuels as made from methane
36
Q

What are the negative impacts of natural gas extraction (fracking - role of technology) on the environment?

A
  1. made from methane so releases greenhouse gases

2. found in national parks in the UK so damaging

37
Q

Where is fracking used?

A

used extensively in the US - UK is still in exploratory phase

38
Q

Give an example of uranium production

A

Hinkley Point in Somerset

39
Q

What are the positive impacts of uranium use on the people?

A
  1. once operational, cheap reliable energy is produced
40
Q

What are the negative impacts of uranium use on the people?

A
  1. high radiation exposure - disasters e.g. Chernobyl death toll could range to 4,000
  2. power stations expensive to build e.g. Hinkley Point, Somerset estimated lifetime cost of £37 billion
41
Q

What are the positive impacts of uranium use on the environment?

A
  1. produced less CO2 than fossil fuels

2. plentiful supply for 200 years

42
Q

What are the negative impacts of uranium use on the environment?

A
  1. radioactive waste causes pollution from storing it
43
Q

What are the non renewable resources I need to know about?

A
  1. coal - mined e.g. China
  2. oil - tar sands e.g. Alberta Sands
  3. natural gas - fracking e.g. USA
  4. uranium - nuclear power stations e.g. Hinkley Point
44
Q

What are the renewable resources I need to know about?

A
  1. wind power e.g. London Array 175 turbines
  2. solar power e.g. Gower Power
  3. hydroelectric power e.g. Sardar Sarovar Dam
45
Q

What are the advantages of using wind power on the people?

A
  1. huge generating capacity e.g. London Array 630MW power 470,000 homes
  2. can be built on farmland - providing source of income for the people who own the land
46
Q

What are the disadvantages of using wind power on the people?

A
  1. turbines produce noise - 40-50 decibels

2. unaesthetic causing NIMBYism

47
Q

What are the advantages of using wind power on the environment?

A
  1. clean fuel, does not produce greenhouse gases - predicted the London Array will save 925,000 tonnes of CO2 per year
48
Q

What are the disadvantages of using wind power on the environment?

A

not aesthetically pleasing - scars rural landscapes

affects bird migration pattern and KILLS 3 birds a year:(

49
Q

What are the advantages of using solar power on the people?

A
  1. it is a growing industry that governments are increasingly investing in, creating jobs
50
Q

What are the disadvantages of using solar power on the people?

A
  1. takes up land that could be used for crops
51
Q

What are the advantages of using solar power on the environment?

A
  1. no CO2 produced
52
Q

What are the disadvantages of using solar power on the environment?

A
  1. deserts are excellent locations but the habitats are fragile and easily damaged during construction
  2. manufacture is harmful to the environment as panels are made of silicon and other toxic metals e.g. mercury
53
Q

What are the advantages of using hydroelectric power on the people?

A
  1. provides energy for locals - Sardar Sarovar Dam produces 1,450 mW of power a day (but locals can’t afford it)
54
Q

What are the disadvantages of using hydroelectric power on the people?

A
  1. families are forced to relocate as their homes become flooded - Sardar Sarovar Dam expected to flood 244 villages when filled to optimum capacity
  2. locals can’t afford the power it is creating
55
Q

What are the advantages of using hydroelectric power on the environment?

A
  1. reliable and clean - 1,450 mW per day

2. no greenhouse emission

56
Q

What are the disadvantages of using hydroelectric power on the environment?

A
  1. can lead to the area being susceptible to earthquakes
57
Q

How do attitudes to fracking differ between different stakeholders?

A

INDIVIDUALS: protest against the exploitation of shale gas in the UK due to its environmental impacts
ORGANISATIONS: see it as a financial benefit, generating money for industries/services
PRESSURE GROUPS LIKE GREENPEACE: want all energy to be produced by renewables

58
Q

What are the individuals attitudes towards the exploitation/consumption of energy?

A
  1. generate renewable energy e.g. solar panels (12% of carbon footprint from powering house)
  2. renewable energy isn’t preferred as it has higher energy bills
  3. installing cavity wall insulation reduces heat lost - 15% of carbon footprint through heating
  4. walking instead of transport - 10% personal transport
  5. living near wind/solar plants cause visual/noise pollution
59
Q

What are organisations attitudes towards the exploitation/consumption of energy?

A
  1. McDonalds replaced neon and filament bulb lighting with LED saving $11 million in energy costs
  2. McDonalds reuses cooking oil in delivery lorries
  3. McDonalds saves 500GW installing energy efficient kitchen appliances
  4. some use it as a marketing campaign as it improves image
  5. not all companies reduce pressures on the environment as it is expensive and disruptive to their techniques
60
Q

What is the governments attitudes towards the exploitation/consumption of energy?

A
  1. UK and 195 other nations pledged to limit global temp increase to 2ºC
  2. LEDCs given £100 billion to help transfer to renewables
  3. investment in low carbon energy tech and boosting share of renewables means UK hopes to produce 80% less carbon in 2050 than it did in 1990
  4. car taxes linked to CO2 emissions to encourage more fuel emission cars
  5. congestion charge London 2003
61
Q

Why do renewable and non renewable energy resources require sustainable management? (3)

A
  1. Climate change (using non renewables lead to irreversible damage)
  2. population growth (increased demand)
  3. consumerism (increasing consumption means demand outstrips supply e.g. 4 planets would be needed if everyone had American lifestyle)
62
Q

What are my two case studies for sustainable energy management?

A
  1. MEDC germany

2. LEDC china

63
Q

Why does India need sustainable management?

A
  1. population is rapidly increasing - 230 million in 1901 and 1.3 billion today
  2. population is getting richer
64
Q

In what ways is India managing their resources?

A
  1. Solar power being used
  2. Wind power being used
  3. Hydro electric power being used
65
Q

How is India using solar power to improve sustainability?

A
  1. 2015 government expanded its solar plans to target $100 billion of investment in 100GW of solar energy by 2022
  2. International Solar Alliance proposed by the prime minister to achieve efficient exploitation of solar energy
  3. 1 million solar lanterns sold by the end of 2015
66
Q

How is India using wind power to improve sustainability?

A
  1. by the end of 2015 india had 4th largest installed wind capacity in the world
  2. accounts for 8.6% of total installed power generation capacity
67
Q

How is India using hydro electric power to improve sustainability?

A
  1. Sardar Sarovar Dam provides 1,450 mW of power a day
  2. 244 villages would be drowned at maximum capacity
  3. historic/religious sites flooded
  4. locals cannot afford the electricity
68
Q

Why does Germany need sustainable management?

A
  1. closed all nuclear power following Fukushima power plant leak in Japan
  2. target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40% by 2022
69
Q

In what ways is Germany managing its resources sustainably?

A
  1. solar power

2. wind power

70
Q

How is Germany using solar power to improve sustainability?

A
  1. 8% of energy comes from solar power - encouraged by feed in tariffs that pay producers
  2. Bavaria Solar Park covers 26 hectares - aims to reduce CO2 emissions by 100,000 tonnes over next 30 years
71
Q

How is Germany using wind power to improve sustainability?

A
  1. 8% of electricity from wind turbines - almost all onshore

2. plans to expand wind power to 6500MW by 2020

72
Q

What are the positives for increasing sustainability in Germany?

A
  1. beneficial for the environment

2. provides energy security for the country allowing demand to be met

73
Q

What are the negatives for increasing sustainability in Germany?

A
  1. expensive to install
  2. solar and wind are intermittent - unreliable
  3. not aesthetically pleasing - NIMBYism

(13) Geography 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions