resonance introduction Flashcards

1
Q

properties of benzene?

A

planar molecule
six identical carbon-carbon bonds
each pie electron shared by all carbons
pie electyrons are delocalised

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2
Q

difference between localised and delocalised electrons?

A

in resonance contributors the electrons are localised
in resonance hybrid the electrons are delocalised

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3
Q

rules for resonance?

A

only the electrons move
Only pie electrons and lone-pair electrons move
The total number of electrons in the molecule does not change
The numbers of paired and unpaired electrons do not change

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4
Q

how are resonance contributors obtained?

A

by moving pie electron towards positive charge

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5
Q

rule for movement of electrons to sp2 and sp3

A

electron always move towards an sp2 carbon not to an sp3

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6
Q

when are resonance contributors the least stable?

A

resonance contributors with separated charges are less stable

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7
Q

difference between resonance contributor and resonance hybrid?

A

resonance contributor is imaginary but resonance hybrid is real

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8
Q

rules for moving electrons?

A

Move p electrons toward a positive charge or toward a p bond
Move lone-pair electrons toward a p bond
Move a single nonbonding electron toward a p bond

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9
Q

how are resonance contributors obtained?

A

moving electrons from pie bond to positive charge

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10
Q

how is alanine resonance structure drawn?

A
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11
Q

what happens to electrons when resonance contributors are formed?

A

not removed or added from a molecule

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12
Q

why is the movement of electrons away from more electronegative atom better than no movement at all?

A

because electron delocalization makes a molecule more stable

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13
Q

what decreases the stability of a resonance structure?

A

An atom with an incomplete octet
A negative charge that is not on the most electronegative atom
A positive charge that is not on the most
electropositive atom
charge separation

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14
Q

pattern between resonance contributor and hybrid?

A

The more stable a resonance contributor is, the more it contributes to the resonance hybrid

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15
Q

relationship between stability of resonance contributors and resonance energy?

A

the more the number of relatively stable resonance contributors, the more the resonance energy
the more nearly equal resonance contributors are the more the resonance energy

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