Resit Exam

Question 1

what are different types of allergies?

Answer 1

Hypersensitivity Type 1,2,3,4
Type 1: immediate, anaphylactic reactions
Type 2: Involves antibodies called the immunoglobulin and IgM
Type 3: immune complex mediated reaction
Type 4: delayed or cell mediated reactions by special immune cells called the T-Cell lymphocytes.

Question 2

What is the antibody structure?

Answer 2

antibodies are immune system related proteins called immunoglobulins. each antibody consist of 4 polypeptides, two heavy chains and two light chains joined to form a Y shaped molecule.

Question 3

What is intrinsic and extrinsic pathways?

Answer 3

intrinsic and extrinsic are necessary in Vivo. in real life coagulation starts with extrinsic arm. as soon as you make a little Xa the extrinsic arm is turned off. the small amount of thrombin that has been generated during the action of the extrinsic system goes up and turns on the intrinsic arm, which finishes out the job of making the rest of the fibrin.

Question 4

what factors affect pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 4

elasticity of lung tissue

surface tensions at air water interfaces

Question 5

how is carbon dioxide transported?

Answer 5

3 ways
dissolved CO2
Bound to haemoglobin and plasma proteins
Bicarbonate Ions