Resilience & Prevention

Question 1

Child adversity is mostly conceptualized as

Answer 1

yes/no
ACES

Question 2

Most common ACEs

Answer 2

Abuse: physical, emotional, sexual
Neglect: physical, emotional
Household dysfunction: mental illness , incarcerated relative, abuse toward parent, substance abuse, divorce

Question 3

Cumulative risk score

Answer 3

“Lumper” way of measuring ACEs - summing different adversities to represent total # of adversities experienced by an individual. Dominant approach.
CONS: Doesn’t ID risk mechanism, no rationale for choosing/summing adversities, unlikely assumptions

Question 4

Single adversity approach

Answer 4

“Splitter” way of measuring ACEs - focus on one ACE or examine independent effects of multiple ACEs
PRO: ID pathways
CONS: ignores co-occurrence

Question 5

Dimensional theoretical approaches

Answer 5

Variation of “splitter”. Group ACEs together based on how they might impact outcome
Example: harshness & unpredictability

Question 6

DMAP

Answer 6

Dimensional Model of Adversity & Psychopathology
1. Deprivation & threat
2. Deprivation & threat -> psychopathology risk
3. Deprivation & threat -> same outcomes, NOT different

Question 7

Primary prevention

Answer 7

Universal level

Question 8

Secondary prevention

Answer 8

Selected level - individuals

Question 9

Tertiary prevention

Answer 9

Indicated level - already have disorder, prevent further deterioration

Question 10

Primary prevention / George Albee

Answer 10

Lack-of-provider issue & community psych -> mental health through community as a whole

Question 11

H. Kraemer types of risk factors for maltreatment

Answer 11

1. Fixed markers (won’t change)
2. Variable markers (changes by increasing or decreasing)
3. Causal risk factors (can change)

Question 12

Broader risk factors of maltreatment

Answer 12

1. Poverty
2. Aggregation of risk factors
3. Importance of cumulative risk

Question 13

Costello et al., poverty study

Answer 13

1500 youth ages 9-13, followed 4 years
1/4 Native American
Casino opened - 14% moved out of poverty, fewer psychopathological symptoms

Question 14

Resilience history

Answer 14

Started out with studies around SCHIZOPHRENIA, pre-morbid competence: knowing who would get disorder. Studied offspring of schizophrenics and observed MULTIFINALITY

Question 15

What is resilience?

Answer 15

Pattern of positive adaption in the context of significant adversity

(NOT invulnerability and NOT ego-resiliency)

Question 16

2 judgements of resilience

Answer 16

1. Doing okay in life
   
   • but what does that mean? Do you need to be HAPPY?
2. Serious threat to adaptation
   
   • stressful life events
   • independent? controllable? trauma?
   • what counts?

Question 17

Kauai Study

Answer 17

~700 Hawaiian children born in 1955, data collected longitudinally from prenatal to adulthood

Childhood: ~30% classified as “high risk” based on 4 risk factors
1. Pre/perinatal stress
2. Chronic poverty
3. Chronic interparental conflict
4. Parental psychopathology

2/3 of high risk group had problems, but other 1/3 didn’t.

Question 18

Why did 1/3 of high-risk Kauai study not develop issues?

Answer 18

Resilience & differed in
1. easy temperament
2. good problem-solving skills
3. positive self-concept
4. social support - mentors!

Question 19

FAST track: Motivation

Answer 19

Conduct problems are stable/persistent, high societal cost
Early onset group is @ highest risk
Test developmental theories

Question 20

FAST track design

Answer 20

Early, comprehensive, long-lasting
4 sites, 56 schools
Randomized to interventions vs control by school
High-risk, screening process
- Top 10% on aggression in kindergarten

Question 21

FAST TRACK Universal intervention for youth example

Answer 21

Classroom-based: PATHS - Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies

Question 22

FAST TRACK indicated intervention for high-risk youth examples:

Answer 22

1. Parenting groups
2. Child social-skill groups
3. Mentoring
4. Academic tutoring
5. Home visits
6. Peer pairing

Question 23

FAST track outcome data

Answer 23

Modest reductions in conduct disorder diagnosis
Positive effects on parenting, social competence, and early behavior problems

Question 24

FAST track stands for what?

Answer 24

Families and schools together