Residential Schools Flashcards
1
Q
The Davin Report, 1879:
1. Who wrote it?
- What did they do?
- What did they conclude?
- What did John A. MacDonald say?
A
- Nicholas Davin
- He traveled around visiting many industrial and boarding schools in the United States
- He advised that the federal government implement residential schools for Indigenous children in Canada because the schools cannot have a powerful influence if they return home
- “The influence of the wigwam is was
stronger than the influence of the school.”
- “The influence of the wigwam is was
- The only way to deal with the less civilized and barbarous tribes is to separate the children from the parents
2
Q
Treaty Context:
1. How was the education clause manipulated?
- How was education misinterpreted in the Treaty?
- How did Duncan Campbell Scott aid the manipulation of the treaty
A
- One of the clauses in the treaty was about education and that the Government would provide it –> it was manipulated because the Government claimed that residential schools were their way of fulfilling the treaty clause obligation for education
- The treaty promised education because Indigenous peoples wanted to ensure that their children were provided education but the type of education was misinterpreted through residential schools–> leading to assimilation into white culture rather than education about Indigenous culture
- Used the treaties responsibility to provide education as a way to fulfill his desire of seeing the extinction of the Indigenous race–> not race by extinction but by gradual assimilation
3
Q
What were Residential Schools about? What was the justification?
A
- Extinction of a culture
- Extinction of people (unmarked graves)
- Confinement of unfavorable people
- Justification: If they were raised around whites, fostered by whites, in residential school young, they will be less likely to rebel against whites
4
Q
Residential School: Important Facts (Fill in the blanks)
- What was the total number of residential schools that operated?
- Approximately, how many people attended?
- What was the death rate? What was this chance higher than?
A
- 139
- 150,000
- 1 in 25 –> higher chance of dying at school than in WW1 (1 in 26)
5
Q
Bryce Report, 1907:
1. Who wrote the report?
- What did he examine?
- What did his report highlight?
A
- Dr. Peter Bryce, Chief Medical Officer for the Department of Indian Affairs
- Conducted the study to look at the health of students in Industrial schools in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta
- Highlighted the skyrocketing death rates at the schools–>mainly from tuberculosis resulting from lack of ventilation and overcrowding of students
6
Q
Bryce Report, 1907:
1. What was Dr. Bryce accused of?
- How did Indian Affairs respond to the report?
- What were Dr. Bryces Final actions?
A
- accused of trying to undermine the work of residential schools
- Put out a report of their own in response saying the children were “joyful and bubbling over with vitality”
- He went straight to the news as a “whistle blower” and exposed the truth of the high rates illness and death amongst the children because Indian Affairs kept disregarding his findings
7
Q
Residential School Curriculum: Objections of Standard 1
A
- Cleanliness
- Obedience
- Respect
- Order
- Neatness
8
Q
Residential School Curriculum: Objections of Standard 2
A
- Right and Wrong
- Truth
- Continuance of proper appearance and behaviours
9
Q
Residential School Curriculum: Objections of Standard 3
A
- Develop the reasons for proper appearance and behaviour
- Independence and Self-Respect
10
Q
Residential School Curriculum: Objections of Standard 4
A
- Industry
- Honesty
- Thrift
11
Q
Residential School Curriculum: Objections of Standard 5
A
- Patriotism
- Self-maintenance
- Charity
- Pauperism
12
Q
Residential School Curriculum: Final Standard
A
- Indian and White life
- Evils of Indian isolation
- Labour, the law of life
- Relations of the sexes as to labor
- Home and public duties
13
Q
Indian Residential Schools
Settlement Agreement, 2006:
1. What did the Government announce in 2006?
- What 4 aspects did the money go towards?
A
- In 2006 the Government announced a $1.9 billion settlement
- The money was to be used for:
- Common Experience Payment Program: $10,000 to survivors plus $3,000 for every additional year
attended
- Independent Assessment Program established
- $125m to Aboriginal Healing Foundation
- Monies toward a Truth Commission
14
Q
Independent Assessment Process:
1. What was category A for? Explain it
- What was category B for? Explain it
- How many claims were filed by Sept.19, 2012?
- How much was paid out in awards?
A
- Category A: Serious Abuse
- Sexual or physical abuse resulting in injuries lasting more than six weeks or requiring hospitalization
- Payment is determined on a point system: given a number of points based on the rubric which equaled a dollar amount - Category B: Less Serious Abuses
- Ranges from $1500 - $3500 - 37,340 claims were filed
- $2.9 billion paid out in awards (including lawyer fees)
15
Q
How could ADR cause revictimization?
A
- Many never talked about this to their children or family so they had to relive through it
- Protects the perpetrator because expressing who did the harm is confidential so it could never be publicly known or shared information
