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QUESTION DRILLING & RESERVOAR > RESERVOIR COMPREHENSIVE > Flashcards

RESERVOIR COMPREHENSIVE Flashcards

1
Q

What is definition of Oil formation volume factor?

A

Oil formation volume factor (Bo) is defined as the ratio of the volume of oil at reservoir (in-situ) conditions to that at stock tank (surface) conditions.

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2
Q

What is Porosity definition?

A

Porosity is ratio between pore volume that can be filled by fluid with total sample core volume.

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3
Q

What is the different between Abandon and Plugging?

A

Abandonment is a closing well process, Plug is cementation activity to close the well.

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4
Q

Mention 3 Reserve Types!

A

Proven, Probable, Possible

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5
Q

What is Plateu Time definition?

A

Plateu Time is time range while gas was produced or gas rate is constant.

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6
Q

What is the definition of Recovery Factor?

A

Recovery factor is ratio between Cumulative Production of Oil or Gas with Initial Oil or Gas in Place.

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7
Q

What is the definition of DCQ or Daily Contract Quantity?

A

The maximum rate at which the buyer can ask the seller to deliver is a function of the DCQ.

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8
Q

What is different between Clean Rock and Dirty Rock?

A

 Clean rock is reservoir rock that contains less clay, silt and shale
 Dirty Rock is reservoir rock that contains more clay, silt and shale

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9
Q

Mention Pore size Categories!

A

 Macropores, more than 10 micro
 Mesopores, 2 to 10 micro
 Micropores, less than 2 micro

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10
Q

Mention Clay Types in pore rock!

A
  1. Kaolinite
  2. Chlorite
  3. Illite
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11
Q

What is relationship between porosity with Capillary Pressure?

A

Relationship between porosity and Capillary Pressure are :

  1. If porosity is small so capillary pressure is high.
  2. Or the opposite
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12
Q

Natural reservoir fracture is reservoir that has natural fracture. Mention types of natural reservoir fracture :

A
  1. Reservoir with vugs, matrix pores and fracture channel
  2. Reservoir with matrix pores and fracture channel
  3. Reservoir that only has fracture channel
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13
Q

Mention types of porosity base on connection!

A
  1. Absolute Porosity : Porosity that count all rock pore volume that isolated and connected.
  2. Effective Porosity : Porosity that only count connected pore volume. So can be inferential that connected pore volume same as accumulating hydrocarbon, because in isolated pores is impossible to contain hydrocarbon and only fill by water.
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14
Q

What are factors that influence porosity?

A
  1. Grain shape (angularity and roundness) : if grain is roundness so generally, porosity will be high.
  2. Grain Packing : if grain packing is neat so porosity will be high.
  3. Grain size distribution : if Grain size distribution more higher so porosity will be higher too.
  4. Cementation number : if cementation number is smaller so porosity will be higher.
  5. Vugs : if vugs is high, so porosity will be high too.
  6. Depth : Deeper reservoir is smaller porosity because Overburden pressure that was received is higher so pores is closer.
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15
Q

Mention types of porosity base on formed!

A
  1. Primary Porosity is Porosity which formed since rock formed
  2. Secondary Porosity is porosity which formed because diagenetion.
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16
Q

How to measure porosity?

A

There are two ways to measure porosity :

  1. Measurement in Laboratory using core sample.
  2. Measurement by Logging Interpretation using density log or neutron log or sonic log.
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17
Q

What is Permeability?

A

Permeability is rock ability to flow a fluid.

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18
Q

What is Relative Permeability?

A

Permeability relative is ratio between permeability effective with permeability absolute.

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19
Q

When the number of permeability is one?

A

Permeability is one when flow rate is 1 cc/second and viscosity is 1 centipoises and area is 1 cm2 and Pressure differential is 1 atm

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20
Q

What is absolute permeability and absolute permeability to gas?

A

> Absolute permeability is the ability of rock pores to flowing the fluid in effective pores.

> Absolute permeability to gas is the ability of rock to flowing the gas when rock pore only fill by gas.

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21
Q

What are Darcy Conditions?

A
  1. Laminar flow and Isothermal
  2. One phase fluid in pores.
  3. Newtonian fluid (viscosity is not influence by stress strain)
  4. Incompressible fluid
  5. Inert fluid (is not reaction with rock).
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22
Q

What is Saturation?

A

Saturation is ratio between saturated volume of fluid that fill pores with pore volume its self.

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23
Q

What is Vugs? Mention types of Vugs?

A

Vugs is rock pore that greater because dissolve process some rock grain.

There is two type of Vugs :

  1. Separate Vugs is 2 vugs or more that separate by pore throat
  2. Touching Vugs is 2 vugs or more that interconnected
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24
Q

What is Liquid Permeameter?

A

Liquid permeameter is the device to measure rock permeability to liquid. Liquid that was used is brine or 2% NaCl or KCl. Using brine in order to clay in core doesn’t swell.

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25
Q

What is Gas permeameter?

A

Gas permeameter is the device to measure rock permeability to gas. Gas that was used to measure permeability is Helium.

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26
Q

What is the meaning of Anisotropy Permeability?

A

Anisotropy Permeability is the differential of permeability due to differential of flow direction

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27
Q

Why does Anisotropy Permeability occur?

A

Anisotropy Permeability occurs because of :
Sedimentation environments differential
Type of bulk material
Accompanying water flow direction
Differences in the process of digenesis
All the causes of differences in grain composition, grain size and pore connectivity.

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28
Q

What is the relationship between porosity and permeability?

A

The relationship between porosity and permeability is the greater of number of porosity, makes greater number of permeability.

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29
Q

What is rock wettability?

A

Rock wettability is properties of the rock to be wetted by a fluid flowing inside it.

30
Q

What are fluid properties that were influenced by wettability?

A

Wettability are influenced by :

a. fluid distribusion
b. Bulk resistivity
c. Capillarity Pressure Curve
d. Relative Permeability Curve

31
Q

How does the way measure rock wettability?

A

Measurement of rock wettability can be performed by :

a. Contact angle measurement
b. imbibition test
c. imbibition and pressing test

32
Q

What is capillarity?

A

Capillarity properties are adhesive character and absorb the wetting phase.

33
Q

What is capillarity pressure?

A

Capillarity pressure is difference between non wetting phase pressures with wetting phase pressure.

34
Q

What are factors that influence the capillary pressure?

A

Capillarity pressure influenced by :

a. pore size
b. surface tension
c. rock wettability

35
Q

What is relationship between capillary pressures and water saturation?

A

Relationship between Pc and Sw is if Pc becomes greater, Sw will be smaller.

36
Q

Mention types of displacement process and their explanation!

A

There are two types of displacement process :

a. Imbibition is process where wetting phase displace non wetting phase
b. Drainage is process where non wetting phase displace wetting phase

37
Q

When is FWL same with GOC?

A

FWL same with GOC is when pressure trash hold = 0.

38
Q

What is the function of Leverett J-Function Method?

A

Leverett j-function method can be used to normalize the capillarity pressure from different core sample

39
Q

How to measure capillary pressure?

A

Capillary pressure measurement can be performed by displacement process to the fluid inside the core with fluid which injected to this core

40
Q

What is irreducible water saturation?

A

Irreducible water saturation is water saturation that can’t be displaced and can’t move/mobile inside the pore

41
Q

What is connate water saturation?

A

Connate water saturation is water saturation inside the pores.

42
Q

How can water in reservoir produced?

A

If Swc = Swirr, show that water can’t be flowing anymore, but if Swc > Swirr show that water still can be flow, so that if that water produced together with oil, that water called Formation Water.

43
Q

Mention ideal condition for oil and gas!

A

The ideal condition for oil and gas formation are :

a. For oil is at T = 180 until 295oF and deep = 7000 – 15000 ft
b. For Gas is at T = 295 until 450oF and deep = 15000 – 25000 ft

44
Q

What is Reservoir?

A

Reservoir is the porous and permeable formation so that can store oil and can deliver the fluid.

45
Q

What is solution gas definition? And when will solution gas become free gas?

A

Solution gas is the gas that solute in the natural oil. The solution gas will be free gas if the reservoir pressure is under the bubble point pressure

46
Q

What is Light oil or Volatile Oil and Heavy Oil?

A
  1. Light oil or volatile oil is the oil that composed by hydrocarbon component that light to average molecular weight.
    Heavy oil is the oil that composed by hydrocarbon component with heavy molecular weight
47
Q

Mention types of Hydrocarbon fluid!

A

Light oil, heavy oil, retrograde gas, wet gas, and dry gas

48
Q

What is Cricondenterm and Cricondenbar?

A
  1. Cricondenterm is the maximal temp where no liquid can form anymore.
    Cricondenbar is the maximum pressure where no gas can form anymore.
49
Q

What is Critil Point definition?

A
  1. Critical point is the point where oil phase and gas phase has same intensive properties.
50
Q

What is Phase Envelope?

A
  1. Phase envelope is the area that limited by bubble point curve and dew point curve, where liquid phase and gas phase in equilibrium condition.
51
Q

What is Quality Line?

A
  1. Quality lines is the middle line between bubble point line and dew point line which show the number of pressure and temp when liquid and gas has equal volume.
52
Q

What is difference between bubble point curve and dew point curve?

A

Bubble point curve is the curve that limits liquid phase and two phase region.
Dew point curve is the curve that limits gas phase and two phase region.

53
Q

What kind of Reservoir that produces hydrocarbon liquid at surface with GOR above 3500scf/STB?

A

Condensate Reservoir

54
Q

What is Heating Value?

A

Heating value is the thermal that produced when gas burned to CO2 and H2O.

55
Q

Mention types of oil viscosity and each definition!

A

a. Dead oil viscosity is oil viscosity at atmosphere temperature and system pressure, no gas solution.
b. Saturated oil viscosity is oil viscosity at bubble point pressure and reservoir temperature.
c. Under saturated oil viscosity is oil viscosity above bubble point pressure and at reservoir temperature.

56
Q

Mention types of oil recovery!

A

a. Primary recovery : getting recovery by reservoir natural mechanism.
b. Secondary recovery : getting recovery by improvement method or pressure maintenance.
c. Tertiary recovery : getting recovery by enhanced method or EOR.

57
Q

Mention types of driving mechanism!

A

Water drive, solution gas drive or depletion drive, gas cap or segregation gas drive and combination drive.

58
Q

The pressure will down faster and GOR will high. Gasses that cover oil give pressure so oil can displace to the surface. What type drive mechanism is?

A

Gas Cap

59
Q

What is Pct?

A
  1. Pct is the first pressure that needed to press the wetting phase in the drainage process
60
Q

Mention gas reservoir characteristics?

A
  1. gas reservoir characteristic are :
  2. Dry gas reservoir, it produce least liquid hydrocarbon at surface.
  3. Wet gas reservoir, it produces liquid hydrocarbon at surface with GOR above 15000 scf/stb.
  4. Condensate reservoir is produce liquid hydrocarbon at surface WITH GOR above 3500scf/STB
61
Q

Mention kind of reservoir !

A
  1. Kind of reservoir :
    a. Oil reservoir if the tempt of the reservoir is under the critical temp.
    b. Gas reservoir if the reservoir temperature is above the critical point temp.
62
Q

What are PCT and PCP?

A
  1. PCT and PCP are the temperature and pressure where liquid and gas has equal volume
63
Q

What is Bg?

A

Bg is the fraction between gas volume in reservoir and gas volume at surface.

64
Q

What is Bo?

A

Bo is the fraction between oil volume in reservoir and oil volume at surface.

65
Q

What is Bt?

A

Bt is the fraction between oil and gas volume in reserv and oil and gas volume at surface.

66
Q

What is Cg?

A

Cg is the relative change of gas volume to initial volume due to pressure change.

67
Q

What is Specific Gravity Oil?

A

Specific gravity Oil is the ratio between oil density and water density at same pressure and temperature.

68
Q

Specific Gravity Gas is?

A

Specific Gravity gas is the ratio of gas density with air density at same pressure and temp.

69
Q

What is Rs?

A

Rs (Solution Gas Oil Ratio) adalah perbandingan antara volume gas yang terproduksi pada standard condition dan volume oil yang masuk ke stock tank pada standard condition.

70
Q

What is Thermal Expansion?

A

Thermal expansion adalah perbandingan antara volume oil pada temperature tinggi terhadap volume oil pada temperature rendah, pada tekanan yang sama.

QUESTION DRILLING & RESERVOAR (6 decks)

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