Research validity

Question 0

Assignment/allocation bias, selection

Answer 0

pretest selection that may effect the outcome

Question 1

repeatability or test retest reliability

Answer 1

measure someone now and later to get the same score (same person or two different people)

Question 2

Attrition

Answer 2

Those that dropped out from the study overtime

Question 3

Compensatory or rivalry

Answer 3

one group working and motivated to perform better than the other group.

Question 4

Resentful demoralization

Answer 4

Opposite of rivalry, resentful control group not working as hard as the intervention group.

Question 5

Diffusion

Answer 5

treatment effect spread from treatment group to control group.

Question 6

Maturation

Answer 6

subjects change during the course of the experiment

Question 7

Testing

Answer 7

subjects getting better at the test

Question 8

Regression to mean

Answer 8

a person who scores high or low the first time will not score as high the second time.

Question 9

History

Answer 9

event outside of the study has affected the subject

Question 10

Instrumentation

Answer 10

Change/error in equipment that altered the outcome.

Question 11

Similar to a paired t test, multiple measures overtime taken on groups

Answer 11

repeated measures annova

Question 12

Parametric test

Answer 12

assumptions about the distribution

robust to some violations of the assumptions

Question 13

Non parametric tests

Answer 13

distribution free tests
fewer assumptions
less efficient

Question 14

Yes or no, ratio outcome

Answer 14

logistical regression

Question 15

Case Study

Answer 15

retrospective research on single subject

Question 16

Case series

Answer 16

retrospective research on a few subjects

Question 17

Cross sectional

Answer 17

snap shot in time

Question 18

Case controls

Answer 18

retrospective research examining risk factors between 2 groups

Question 19

Cohorts

Answer 19

usually prospective research following people over time with specific risk factors; bias present

Question 20

Randomized control trial

Answer 20

at least 2 groups with control group and intervention group; all subjects had equal chance of being in either group

Question 21

Non randomized control trial

Answer 21

at least 2 groups with control group and intervention group; subjects not randomly assigned to group

Question 22

Randomized cross over trial

Answer 22

at least 2 groups with control group and intervention group; subjects participate in treatment period, take a break during the washout period to return to baseline, then the subjects switch groups
All participants provide one data point for both the control group and intervention group.

Question 23

Pre post design

Answer 23

Measurements taken at beginning and end; no intervention

Question 24

Meta analysis

Answer 24

a systematic review that makes a quantitative conclusion from pooled data

Question 25

Single subject

Answer 25

prospective research on single subject