Research / Theories Flashcards
Rolls, Rolls & Rowe (1982)
Support for Positive Incentive Theory of eating. More sandwiches were consumed when offered with 3 different fillings, and more pasta with a variety of shapes.
Garfinkel & Gardner (1982)
Hypothalamus dysfunction theory explanation for anorexia nervosa. Disturbed hypothalamus function leads to a lack of ‘weight thermostat’. Grey matter atrophy in AN, and BMI is associated with hypothalamus grey matter.
Hypothalamus dysfunction theory explanation for anorexia nervosa.
Garfinkel & Gardner (1982)
Support for Positive Incentive Theory of eating. More sandwiches were consumed when offered with 3 different fillings, and more pasta with a variety of shapes.
Rolls, Rolls & Rowe (1982)
Schacter & Singer (1962)
Condition-plus feedback theory
Condition-plus feedback theory
Schacter & Singer (1962)
Maclean (1952)
Revised Papez circuit to include amygdala
Revised Papez circuit to include amygdala
Maclean (1952)
Pollatos (2007)
Evidence for insula activity correlating with perception of bodily states. Used heartbeat detection task to categorise high/low awareness of body state. More aware = higher insula activity and experienced intensity of emotions.
Evidence for insula activity correlating with perception of bodily states. Used heartbeat detection task to categorise high/low awareness of body state.
Pollatos (2007)
Bard (1928)
Showed hypothalamus was critical for aggression expression, and cortex for inhibition and direction of these expressions.
Showed hypothalamus was critical for aggression expression, and cortex for inhibition and direction of these expressions.
Bard (1928)
Hess
Stimulation of hypothalamus could provoke a rage response. Medial vs Lateral.
Ohman & Dolan (1998)
Unconscious emotions - angry faces conditioned with unpleasant stimulus, response produced without participants knowing.
Unconscious emotions - angry faces conditioned with unpleasant stimulus, response produced without participants knowing.
Ohman & Dolan (1998)
Claparede
Unconscious emotions - hid pin in hand for patient hand shake, next day patient didn’t want to shake hands and didn’t know why.
Unconscious emotions - hid pin in hand for patient hand shake, next day patient didn’t want to shake hands and didn’t know why.
Claparede
Lashley
Claimed there was no specific declarative memory area in brain - whole brain involved. DISPROVED.
Claimed there was no specific declarative memory area in brain - whole brain involved. DISPROVED.
Lashley
E. T. Rolls
Neurons in inferotemporal cortex can become tuned to a certain face and fire when face is shown.
Neurons in inferotemporal cortex can become tuned to a certain face and fire when face is shown.
E. T. Rolls
Fioriti (2015)
Evidence for protein synthesis inhibitors leading to LTP and LTM deficits.Mice lacking protein for gene translation couldn’t discriminate anywhere near as well on object placement recognition 24 hours after. Short-term effects were the same but long-term majorly affected.
Mice lacking protein for gene translation couldn’t discriminate anywhere near as well on object placement recognition 24 hours after.
Fioriti (2015)
O’Keefe & Dostrovsky (1971)
Discovered place cells in hippocampus.
Discovered place cells in hippocampus.
O’Keefe & Dostrovsky (1971)
Maguire (2000)
Larger hippocampal volume in London taxi drivers vs controls - evidence for place cells in humans.
Larger hippocampal volume in London taxi drivers vs controls.
Maguire (2000)
Coltheart (2001)
Dual-route theory of reading - dorsal route (phonetic decoding) and ventral route (semantic mapping onto words).
Dual-route theory of reading.
Coltheart (2001)
Xie (2013)
Clearance of toxic waste products is twice as fast during sleep - evidence for restoration theory of sleep.
Clearance of toxic waste products is twice as fast during sleep.
Xie (2003)
Randy Gardner
Stayed awake for 11 days straight.
Stayed awake for 11 days straight.
Randy Gardner
Hobson & McCarley (1977)
Activation-synthesis model of dreaming.
Activation-synthesis model of dreaming.
Hobson & McCarley (1977)
Plihal (1999)
Partial sleep deprivation effect on memory. Early retention interval sleep benefits declarative, late retention interval sleep benefits procedural.
Partial sleep deprivation effect on memory.
Plihal (1999)
Turner’s syndrome
2nd X-chromosome in women missing/altered.
2nd X-chromosome in women missing/altered.
Turner’s syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
Male additional X-chromosome.
Male additional X-chromosome.
Klinefelter’s syndrome
LeVay (1991)
Gay men have a sexually dimorphic nucleus half the size of straight men.
Gay men have a sexually dimorphic nucleus half the size of straight men.
LeVay (1991)
Heim & Hursch (1979)
50% of sex criminals stopped sexual behaviour after castration, 25% gradual decline, 10% no change.
50% of sex criminals stopped sexual behaviour after castration.
Heim & Hursch (1979)
Roeder (1999)
Blind participants were better at locating a peripheral speaker than sighted - due to compensatory reorganisation of brain areas. Both were the same at locating a central speaker.
Blind participants were better at locating a peripheral speaker than sighted.
Roeder (1999)
Classen (1998)
Less than 30 mins of thumb twitching altered motor cortex thumb representation. Evidence for motor plasticity.
Less than 30 mins of thumb twitching altered motor cortex thumb representation.
Classen (1998)
Butefisch (2000)
Administering drugs that block NMDA activation prevented motor cortex reorganisation.
Administering drugs that block NMDA activation prevented motor cortex reorganisation.
Butefisch (2000)
Draganski (2004)
Juggling training in adults for just 3 months increased hippocampal brain volume. Evidence for neurogenesis in adult hippocampus.
Juggling training in adults for just 3 months increased hippocampal brain volume.
Draganski (2004)
Erickson (2011)
Aerobic training led to a 2% increase in hippocampal volume VS a 1.4% decrease from stretching. Evidence for exercise promoting neurogenesis.
Aerobic training led to a 2% increase in hippocampal volume VS a 1.4% decrease from stretching.
Erickson (2011)
James-Lange theory
Experience of emotion is the awareness of physiological response to an emotion-arousing stimulus.
Experience of emotion is the awareness of physiological response to an emotion-arousing stimulus.
James-Lange theory
Cannon-Bard
Perception of a stimulus elicits both a physiological reaction and emotional response simultaneously.
Perception of a stimulus elicits both a physiological reaction and emotional response simultaneously.
Cannon-Bard
Darwin’s theory of emotion
Outward expression of emotions is: a product of evolution, innate & adaptive, serviceable, a communication function.
Outward expression of emotions is: a product of evolution, innate & adaptive, serviceable, a communication function.
Darwin’s theory
