Research terms

Question 1

is defined as a
systematic and scientific
process to answer questions
about facts and relationship
between facts. It can also be
defined as an activity
involved in seeking answer
to unanswered questions.

Answer 1

Research

Question 2

It seeks to generate an answer
to the problems as well as
suggesting additional
questions in need of further
inquiry.

Answer 2

Research

Question 3

a short summary of your completed

research

Answer 3

Abstract

Question 4

intended to describe your work without

going into detail

Answer 4

Abstract

Question 5

should be self-contained and concise,

explaining your work as briefly as possible

Answer 5

Abstract

Question 6

Leads the reader from general subject area to a particular

topic of inquiry

Answer 6

Introduction

Question 7

Establishes the scope, context, and significance of the
research being conducted by:
a. summarizing current understanding and background
information about the topic
b. stating the purpose of the work in the form of the
research problem supported by a hypothesis or a set
of questions
c. explaining briefly the methodological approach used to
examine the research problem
d. highlighting the potential outcomes your study can
reveal
e. outlining the remaining structure and organization of
the paper.

Answer 7

Introduction

Question 8

provides an overview of sources you have explored
including books, scholarly articles, and any other
sources relevant to a particular issue, are or
research, or theory to demonstrate to your readers
how your research first within a larger field of
study

Answer 8

Literature Review

Question 9

provides an overview of current knowledge,
allowing you to identify relevant theories, methods,
and gaps in the existing research

Answer 9

. Literature Review

Question 10

a statement of expectation or prediction

that will be tested by research

Answer 10

Hypothesis/ Hypotheses

Question 11

commonly known as the researcher’s
intellectual guess or wild guess about the
possible result of the study

Answer 11

Hypothesis/ Hypotheses

Question 12

Example:
1. Quality of sleep sffects
academic performance.
2. People exposed to high
levels of ultraviolet light
have higher incidence of
cancer than the norm

Answer 12

Hypothesis/ Hypotheses

Question 13

the systematic method to resolve a
research problem through data gathering
using various techniques, providing an
interpretation of data gathered, and
drawing conclusions about the research
data

Answer 13

Methodology

Question 14

It is important to ensure valid and reliable results that address the
research aims and objectives.

It is where the researcher will decide:
• What data to collect and what data to ignore.
• Who to collect it from (or sampling design)
• How to collect it (or the data collection method)
• How to analyze it (data analysis method)

Answer 14

Why is methodology important?

Question 15

the entire group that you want to draw

conclusions about

Answer 15

Population

Question 16

It can mean a group containing elements
of anything you want to study such as
objects, events, organizations, countries,
species, organisms, etc.

Answer 16

Population

Question 17

• a smaller part or subgroup of the
population
• the specific group within a population that
you will collect data from

Answer 17

Sample

Question 18

the group of individuals who will
participate in your study. They are the
ones who will answer surveys or
interviews.

Answer 18

Sample

Question 19

Necessity
Practicality
Cost-effectiveness
Manageability

Answer 19

Reasons for sampling

Question 20

sometimes, it’s simply not possible to
study the whole population due to its size or
inaccessibility.

Answer 20

Necessity

Question 21

it’s easier and more efficient to collect

data from a sample.

Answer 21

Practicality

Question 22

– there are fewer participants,

laboratory equipment, and researcher costs involved.

Answer 22

Cost-effectiveness –

Question 23

storing and running statistical

analyses on smaller datasets is easier and reliable.

Answer 23

Manageability

Question 24

any factor, trait, or condition that can be
manipulated, controlled for, or measured
in an experiment

Answer 24

Variable

Question 25

a variable that is changed
or manipulated
- assumed to have a direct
effect on the dependent
variable

Answer 25

Independent Variable

Question 26

• the variable that responds
  to changes
• the variable being tested
  and measured

Answer 26

Dependent Variable

Question 27

any tool that you may use to collect or
obtain data, measure data, and analyze
data that is relevant to the subject of your
research

Answer 27

Research Instrument

Question 28

the format may consist of:

• questionnaires
• surveys
• interviews
• checklists
• simple tests

Answer 28

Research Instrument

Question 29

Validated, proven reliable, appropriate- a good research instrument is one that has been
validated and has proven reliability. It should be one
that can collect data in a way that’s appropriate to
the research question being asked

Answer 29

What makes a good research instrument? 1

Question 30

Assist- the research instrument must be able to assist in
answering the research aims, objectives and research
questions, as well as prove or disprove the
hypothesis of the study

Answer 30

What makes a good research instrument? 2

Question 31

No bias, Clear- it should not have any bias in the way that data is
correct and it should be clear as to how research
instrument should be used appropriately

Answer 31

What makes a good research instrument?

2

Question 32

• the main instrument for collecting data in

survey research

Answer 32

Questionnaire

Question 33

basically, it is a set of standardized
questions, often called items, which follow
a fixed scheme in order to collect
individual data about one or more specific
topics

Answer 33

Questionnaire

Question 34

any information that has been collected,
observed, generated, or created to validate
original research finding

Answer 34

Data

Question 35

the section of a research paper where the
authors provide the data collected during
the study

Answer 35

Results (Findings)

Question 36

the section of a research paper whose
purpose is to interpret and describe the
significance of your findings in light of
what was already known about the
research problem being investigated

Answer 36

Discussion

Question 37

to explain any new understanding or
insights that emerged as a result of your
study of the problem

Answer 37

Discussion

Question 38

Reiterate the research problem and state the major
finding.
• Explain the meaning of the findings and why they are
important.
• Relate the findings to similar studies.
• Consider alternative explanations of the findings.
• Acknowledge the study’s limitations.
• Make suggestions for further research.

Answer 38

Objectives of discussion

Question 39

intended to help readers understand why
your research should matter to them after
they have finished reading the paper

Answer 39

Conclusion

Question 40

not merely a summary of your points or restatement of your research problem but a
synthesis of key points

Answer 40

Conclusion

Question 41

Restate the research problem addressed in the paper.
• Summarize your overall arguments or findings.
• Suggest they key takeaways from your paper.

Answer 41

Key goals of conclusion

Question 42

the last page of your research paper that
lists all the sources you used in your study
• gives credit to authors you have consulted
for ideas

Answer 42

Reference

Question 43

serves as a space for materials that help
clarify your research but do not belong I
the main text

Answer 43

Appendix

Question 44

this is where the researchers attach a copy
of their research instrument such as
interview transcripts, questionnaires, or
surveys

Answer 44

Appendix