Research Methods Vocab 5: Qualitative Research Flashcards
Subjectivity
The nature of qualitative research. Results are not quantifiable but are open to interpretation. Variables are not controlled or manipulated and results are 1 possible answer rather than a cause-effect relationship.
Inductive Approach
The approach is used in qualitative research when researchers collect evidence by observing or interviewing. Then they use their findings to help create or infer theories. This is the opposite process of Quantitative Research.
Questionnaires
Written questions as a way to gather information from participants.
Self-Report
One common limitation with some qualitative research is because participants report their own ideas and feelings, they may lie or withhold information. It can be hard for a researcher to validate self-reported data.
Structured Interviews
An interview procedure that is highly controlled with set questions and a set order of questions which are asked to each participant. Often questions are closed-ended.
Ex: The same ten questions in the exact same order with no follow-up questions or elaboration
Unstructured interviews
An interview process with few decisions made in advance. The researcher knows the topic and the time but can ask any question that comes to mind and participants can respond as they choose, like a conversation.
Semi-structured interviews
An interview process that is partially planned. Some set questions exist to keep the conversation focused but follow-ups and open responses are allowed.
Participant Observations
Where the researcher participates as one of the groups being studied.
Non-participant Observations
Where the researcher does not participate as one of the group.
Covert Observation
When the participants in the study do not know they are being observed. This can combine with other types… for example, a covert, participants observation or a covert non-participant observation.
Ex: I want to study the behaviour of people in a cult so I join the cult and pretend to be one of them.
Or, I watch a classroom of kids from the window in the hall and they don’t know they are being observed.
Overt Observation
When the researcher reveals they are studying the participants. You can have an overt, participant observation or an overt, non-participant.
Case Study
The study of an individual or group that is usually longitudinal (long-term). This is usually a way to investigate unique
situations and involves multiple research methods.
Ex: HM is a man who lost his memory due to a brain operation. He was studied for the next 60 years by a variety of researchers.
Triangulation
When a researcher uses more than one research method to investigate their topic. Triangulation is a way to build credibility in qualitative research.
Ex: To investigate study habits, I might look at a student’s test scores, then interview the student, then observe them in class.
