Research methods Spring + Summer term

Question 1

Binomial test (assumption)

Answer 1

Nominal data
Single dichotomy
Scores come from a random sample of population
Data is independent
Chance level is known

Question 2

Chi square test of independence (assumption)

Answer 2

Nominal data
Two dichotomies
Scores come from a random sample
Independent data
N is at least 40
Expected frequency of each category is at least 5

Question 3

Chi - square test of independence (non - parametric alternative)

Answer 3

Fisher’s exact test

Question 4

Chi - square goodness of fit test (assumption)

Answer 4

Nominal data
Multiple levels of a single dependent variable
Scores come from a random sample
Independent data
Each category has an expected N of 5 or above

Question 5

One sample t - test (assumption)

Answer 5

Independent data
Continuous data
Normal distribution (Shapiro-Wilk test)

Question 6

One sample t - test (non-parametric alternative)

Answer 6

One sample Wilcoxon

Question 7

Independent samples t - test (assumption)

Answer 7

Independent data
Interval data
N is equal to or bigger than 12
Normal distribution (Shapiro - Wilk test)
Homogeneity of Variance (Levene’s test)

Question 8

What is Homogeneity of variance

Answer 8

Variance of one condition should be similar to the variance of another condition.

Question 9

Independent samples t - test (non - parametric alternative)

Answer 9

Mann Whitney U - Test

Question 10

Paired samples t - test (assumption)

Answer 10

Interval data
Within samples design
N is equal to or bigger than 12
Differences between conditions are normally distributes

Question 11

Paired samples t - test (non - parametric alternative)

Answer 11

Wilcoxon signed ranks test for related samples

Question 12

Control variable

Answer 12

Things you intentionally keep the same in your experiment

Question 13

Control condition

Answer 13

A separate condition that helps you understand the role of the IV, or helps you rule out the alternative explanations for your result.

Question 14

Extraneous variable

Answer 14

Not controlled in the experiment
Could have an effect on the DV

Question 15

Confounding variable

Answer 15

Vary systematically with the IV to influence the DV
Are likely to influence the results

Question 16

Central tendency

Answer 16

Mid point

Question 17

Variability

Answer 17

Spread

Question 18

Standard error

Answer 18

Standard deviation / square root of N

Question 19

Qualitative methods

Answer 19

Inductive, Natural setting, Interviews, observations, generate hypothesis

Question 20

Text based methods

Answer 20

Thematic analysis
Content analysis
Interpretative Phenomenonlogical analysis (IPA)
Discourse analysis (DA)
Converstion analysis (CA)
Grounded theory

Question 21

Non - text based qualitative approached

Answer 21

Repertory grids
Q - methodology
Microanalysis of audio/video
Pluralistic methods

Question 22

Conversation analysis

Answer 22

Detailed transcriptions of naturally occurring conversations
Determining means and resources people use
example: Sikveland and Stokoe (2020)

Question 23

Discourse analysis

Answer 23

All types of spoken interaction and all types of written text
Language as a form of action
Language varies in relation to its function

Question 24

Construction (DA)

Answer 24

Constructing (manipulating) one idea as being a specific way to further your argument (constructing your status as a working class parent)

Question 25

Function (DA)

Answer 25

Discourse is functional
People use language for a specific purpose

Question 26

Variation (DA)

Answer 26

Language varies in accordance with its function
All variation may be accurate the variation is there as it goes to serve different functions

Question 27

Accountability (DA)

Answer 27

People manage responsibility in talk and text
Aim to present themselves in certain ways

Question 28

Discourse devices (DA)

Answer 28

Disclaimers
Provision of detail
Reported speech
Category entitlement
Extreme case formulations
Three-part lists

Question 29

Disclaimers (DD)

Answer 29

Attempting to avoid negative perception in anticipation (e.g. I’m not racist but..)

Question 30

Reported speech (DD)

Answer 30

Used to enhance factuality of claim (she said this..)

Question 31

Category entitlement (DD)

Answer 31

A reference to a particular category of person intended to enhance the reliability or authority of a claim (Scientists say….)

Question 32

Extreme case formulations (DD)

Answer 32

Expressions which include extreme terms used to justify a claim (most, none, every)

Question 33

Three part lists (DD)

Answer 33

Lists of words or phrases in three parts, persuasive rhetoric (time after time after time)

Question 34

Interpretative repertoires (DA)

Answer 34

Recurrently used systems of terms used for characterising and evaluating actions, events and other phenomena.

Question 35

Gibsons (2013) analysis of Milgrams obedience studies

Answer 35

Used a discourse analytic method
Considered how substantial minority disobeyed
Found occasional deviation from script
Less about obedience and more about persuasion.