Research methods- Experiments Flashcards
What are the 4 types of experimental methods?
-Laboratory
-Feild
-Natural
-Quasi
What do all these types have in common?
All experiments have independent and dependant variables.
What are the factors of Laboratory methods?
-Cause and effect established.
-Carefully controlled environment (often artificial).
-Direct manipulation of IV to see the effect on the DV.
-Participants often know they are being studied.
-Can be randomly allocated.
-Extraneous variables can be controlled due to nature of study.
What are the factors of Field methods?
-Extraneous variable can be hard to control.
-Cause and effect established.
-Direct manipulation of IV to see effect on the DV.
-Takes place in ‘real world’/ ‘everyday’ setting rather than lab.
-Participants often don’t know they are being studied.
-Can be randomly allocated.
What are the factors of Natural methods?
-Extraneous variables can be difficult to control.
-Cannot be randomly allocated.
-Take place in either a lab or a more ‘real world’ setting.
-Cause and effect cannot be established.
-Participants often know they’re being studied.
-Does not manipulate IV directly. IV would have varied whether or not researcher was interested.
What are the factors of Quasi methods?
-Extaneous variables can be difficult to control.
-Cannot be randomly allocated.
-Take place in either lab or a more ‘real world’ setting.
-Cause and effect cannot be established.
-Participants often know they’re being studied.
-IV not been made to vary. It is simply a difference between people that exists.
What are the case examples for each of these methods?
L- Gilchrist and Nesburg, artificial, conducted in a lab.
F- Pilivan et al, using a natural environment.
N- Williams, TV would be introduced either way.
Q- Baron-Cohen et al, pre-existing conditions.
Which of these methods are manipulated and which are not?
Lab+ Field - Manipulated.
Natural+ Quasi - Not manipulated.
Which of these methods can control the EV’s and which cannot?
Lab+ Quasi - Can be controlled.
Field+ Natural - More difficult to control.
Which of these methods can be randomly allocated and which cannot?
Lab+ Field - Can randomly allocate.
Natural+ Quasi - Cannot randomly allocate.
Which of these methods are influenced by Demand Characteristics and which are not?
Lab+ Quasi - Demand characteristics.
Field - Not influence by DC.
Natural - N/A
Which of these methods have greater or lower external validity?
Lab+ Quasi - Low external validity.
Field+ Natural- Greater external validity.
Which of these methods have greater or lacking ecological validity?
Lab+ Quasi - Lacks ecological validity.
Field+ Natural - Greater ecological validity.
