Research methods - Chapter 7

Question 1

List 6 factors of a ‘Laboratory experiment’

Answer 1

Determinist.
Highly controlled environment.
Doesn’t necessarily have to be in a lab, just has to be highly controlled.
Researcher manipulates the Iv
Researcher records the effect of the Iv on the Dv
Direct link between Iv and Dv

Question 2

Laboratory experiment

Iv : Dv - Tick/ cross?

Answer 2

Iv - Tick

Dv - Tick

Question 3

List 4 factors of a ‘Quasi experiment’

Answer 3

Almost an experiment but not quite.
The Iv is based on existing differences between people.
No one manipulates the Iv, it just exists.
We only control the Dv.

Question 4

Quasi experiment

Iv : Dv - Tick/ cross?

Answer 4

Iv - Cross

Dv - Tick

Question 5

List 3 factors of a ‘Natural experiment’

Answer 5

The researcher takes advantage of a pre-existing independent variable.
The Iv is not brought about by the researcher, it would have happened even if the researcher was not there.
Highly ecologically valid.

Question 6

Natural experiment’

Iv : Dv - Tick/ cross?

Answer 6

Iv - Cross

Dv - Cross

Question 7

List 3 factors of a ‘Field experiment’

Answer 7

Takes part in a natural, more everyday setting.
Researcher manipulates the Iv.
Researcher records the effect of the Iv on the Dv.

Question 8

Field experiment

Iv : Dv - Tick/ cross?

Answer 8

Iv - Tick

Dv - Cross

Question 9

what does it mean if an experiment is reliable?

Answer 9

its repeatable

Question 10

what does it mean if an experiment is valid?

Answer 10

its results/findings are accurate

Question 11

what do we mean by the type of experiment?

Answer 11

its setting

Question 12

what do we mean by the design of the experiment?

Answer 12

the procedure used

Question 13

what are the 3 experimental designs?

Answer 13

independent groups
repeated measures
matched pairs

Question 14

what happens when an experimental design is ‘independent groups’

Answer 14

participants are randomly allocated to one of two or more groups
each participant therefore does one level of the IV and the performance (the DV) is compared across the two or more groups

Question 15

what happens when an experimental design is ‘repeated measures’

Answer 15

each participant takes part part in every condition of the experiment
i.e they do all levels of the IV
their performance (the DV) on both tests is compared

Question 16

what happens when an experimental design is ‘matched pairs’

Answer 16

pairs of participants are matched on key, relevant variables for the study, i.e IQ or age
one member of the pair is placed in one group and the other in the second group
performance (the DV) is compared across both groups

Question 17

define experimental group

Answer 17

the group that receives the experimental treatment, the IV

Question 18

define control group

Answer 18

the group that receives no treatment, they are the baseline