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Psychology > Research methods AS > Flashcards

Research methods AS Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 features of the scientific method?

A

1)Aim
2)Hypothesis
3)Method
4)Results
5)Conclusion

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2
Q

What is the Aim

A

Aim outlines the purpose of carrying out an experiment

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3
Q

What is a hypothesis

A

Prediction of what you expect to happen in the experiment

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4
Q

What is an Independent variable

A

Variable that you change in an experiment, there can be multiple levels of the IV

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5
Q

What is a dependent variable

A

The variable we measure in an experiment

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6
Q

What is operationalisation

A

Defining how a variable is going to be measured, expressing a variable numerically

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7
Q

What is the method

A

The exact procedure researcher follows in study

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8
Q

What are the results and conclusion

A

Results- changes observed in the study
Conclusion-interpretation of the results whether or not it alligns with the hypothesis

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9
Q

What are the 7 key features of science

A

1)Hypothesis testing
2)Emperical evidence
3)Falsifiability
4)Replicability
5)Control
6)Objectivity
7)Theory reconstruction

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10
Q

Outline hypothesis testing

A

we test the hypothesis using the scientific method
if results don’t allign with the hypothesis then you adjust it

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11
Q

Outline Emperical evidence

A

When information is collected through direct observation

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12
Q

Outline falsifiability

A

To test a hypothesis it must be falsifiable (can be proven false)

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13
Q

Outline replicability

A

Repeat study to re-test hypothesis and demonstrate validity of expt
If results are the same we say the results are replicated

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14
Q

outline Control in terms of features of a science

A

1) control group- level of the IV which has not been manipulated to compare to experimental group
2)Control of extraneous variables

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15
Q

What is objectivity

A

when researchers are not being objective they have a preference of what results they want
Unbiased

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16
Q

What is theory construction

A

theory-Comprehensive explanation backed by scientific evidence
Aim to use facts to construct theories that help us understand natural world

17
Q

Issues of psychological research- validity

A

validity- when a test measures what it claims to measure

18
Q

What 2 ways can make a study not valid

A

If a study uses bad measurement
Extraneous variable and confounding variables are not controlled

19
Q

What are 2 ways researcher can assess validity

A

Face validity and concurrent validity

20
Q

What is face validity

A

Looking at a test at face value to see if it measures what it claims to be measuring

21
Q

What is concurrent validity

A

Comparing our measure, with an already valid measure on the same topic to see if they give similar results

22
Q

issues in psychological research-reliability

A

we say a study is reliable if results from study is consistent every time the study is repeated

23
Q

What are the 2 types of reliability

A

INTERNAL RELIABILITY- (mostly questionnaires) how consistent the individual items on a test are with each other
EXTERNAL RELIABILITY- how consistent results are every time study is repeated

24
Q

What 2 factors can affect reliability

A

Extraneous variables that affect the measurement
If a test is itself unreliable

25
Q

How to test for internal reliability

A

SPLIT-HALF method- split questionnaire in half and compare if results are consistent between each section

26
Q

How to test for external reliability

A

TEST RETEST METHOD- same group of ppts repeat same test at different time points and compare results obtained each time

27
Q

What are 3 types of extraneous variables?

A

Participant variable
investigator effects
Situational variables

28
Q

What are participant variables

A

extraneous variables that are the personal characteristics of a participant

29
Q

What are investigator effects

A

When researcher influences behaviour of participants and therefore results of the study (researchers expectation could result in investigator effects)

30
Q

What are situational variables

A

Extraneous variables that are features of the external environment

31
Q

What are demand characteristics

A

participants realises aim of the study and change their behaviour. Both investigator effects and situational variables can be demand characteristics

32
Q
A

Psychology (4 decks)

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