Research Methods and Statistics Flashcards
What is volunteer sampling?
When the participants are sampled through advertisements such as newpapers articles or posters and they contact you using the listed contact details about the enquiry.
What is opportunity sampling?
When the participants are sampled when they are readily available, such as school students in SPS.
What is random sampling?
When the participants are sampled without researcher bias from a target population, participants are allocated a number, you then using a lollipop system to pickup the amount of random numbers you chose and then sample the allocated participants as an example.
What is stratisfied sampling?
Researchers separate individuals based on different characteristics such as race or gender in groups called strata’s, then sample a percentage of participants from each strata that accurately represent the strata’s involvement as a whole.
What is quantitative data?
Numerical data.
What is qualitative data?
Descriptive data.
How would you calculate the mode?
It is the number that appears the most.
How would you calculate the range?
Subtract the smallest number from the data set from the greatest number.
How would you calculate the median?
Line up all the numbers in the data set in ascedning order, and it is the number that is in the middle. If there is an even number of data figure then pick the two central number and figure out the middle way of these two number.
How would you calculate the mean?
You would add all the numbers from the data set together and then divide that number by the total number of data figures.
What is standard deviation?
It is the measure of the amount of variation in the data set.
How would you calculate the standard deviation?
First you calculate the mean, and then for each value in the data set, subtract the mean from each value. Then you square the new values and add them all together. Then you calculate N-1 which is the number of data figures and then subtract 1. Then you will divide the sum of total values of (values-mean)^2 by N-1. Then you square root this answer and that is the standard deviation.
