Research Methods Flashcards
What inferential test do you use for a true experiment with nominal data and a repeated measures/matched pairs design
Test of difference Sign Test (s)
What inferential test do you use for a true experiment with ordinal data and a repeated measures/matched pairs design
Test of difference
Wilcoxon Matched Pairs (T)
What inferential test do you use for a true experiment with interval data and a repeated measures/matched pairs design
Test of difference
Related t-test (t)
What inferential test do you use for a true experiment with ordinal data and a independent group/quasi design
Test of Difference
Man Whitney U (U)
What inferential test do you use for a true experiment with Interval data and a independent group/quasi design
Test of Difference
Unrelated t-test
What inferential test do you use for a correlation with ordinal data
Test of correlation Spearman Rho (rho)
What inferential test do you use for a correlation with interval data
Test of correlation
Pearson’s product (r)
What inferential test do you use for a non-experiment e.g. observation with nominal data
Test of Association
Chi-squared test (x2)
What is meant by demand characteristics?
Features of an experiment which subconsciously influence the participants’ performance
What is meant by order effects?
If the participants perform all the conditions they might be fatigued or bored
What is meant by quantitative
Type of data expressed in numbers
An experiment which takes place in the participants’ environment when the IV is not manipulated by the experimenter
Natural experiment
Hypothesis that predicts the direction in which the DV will change when the IV is manipulated
Directional (One-tailed)
Reliability
The extent to which measures are consistent
Operationalisation
Expression the IV and the DV in a way that can be measured
What titles are included in the Method
Design Controls Participants Apparatus/Materials Procedure Ethics
What is included in a research study report
Abstract Introduction Method Results Discussion References
What is an Abstract?
A summary of the study converting the aims, hypothesis, the procedures, results and conclusions (often include implications of the study as well)
What do you include in the introduction of a report?
Outlines what the researcher intends to investigate
Review of any previous research
Why the study is being conducted
Research predictions and/or hypothesis may be stated
What is included in the design part of the method
- Choice of experiment e.g. lab, field, naturalistic observation etc.
- Experimental design (if appropriate)
- Type of observation (if appropriate)
- Identification of IV and DV (experiments only)
- If correlation or other non-experiment which co-variables were being related with each other? E.g. smoking and lung cancer
What is included in the controls part of the method?
Methods used to control extraneous variables e.g. use of standardised instructions, counterbalancing, random allocation of participants etc.
What is included in the participant section of the method?
- Target population described in terms such as age, gender or any other relevant variables
- Sampling method used
- Actual sample
- How pps assigned to conditions
- Details of who was conducting the research, described in terms such as age, gender or any other relevant variables
What is included in the Materials/apparatus section of the method?
- A description of all the apparatus and materials used
- The source of any questionnaires or scales used and scoring procedures explained (examples and answers should be given in the Appendix)
What is included in the procedure part of the method?
A description of the steps taken in the research in sufficient detail that someone unfamiliar with the work could repeat the study. Including the following:
- Location of research
- Instructions given to participants
- Exactly what was done
What is a correlation co-efficient?
A quantitative measure of the association between two variables
Name three measures of Central Tendency
Mean
Mode
Median
Name three measures of dispersion
Range
Inter-quartile range
Standard deviation
