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Psychology > Research Methods > Flashcards

Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s a laboratory experiment?

A

An experiment carried out in a controlled environment where the variables can be manipulated

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2
Q

What are two advantages of lab experiments?

A

High internal validity( controlled variables)

easy to replicate

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3
Q

what are two disadvantages of lab experiments?

A

low ecological validity (can’t be generalised)

demand characteristics

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4
Q

whats a field experiment?

A

experiment conducted in an environment that suits what you’re measuring (IV still manipulated)

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5
Q

give two advantages of field experiments

A

high ecological validity (can be generalised)

lack of demand characteristics

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6
Q

give two disadvantages of field experiments

A

low internal validity (less control of confounding or extrenuous variables)
harder to replicate

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7
Q

what’s a natural experiment?

A

conducted when it’s not legal or moral to conduct an experiment

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8
Q

give two advantages of natural experiments

A

allows research in unethical areas

high ecological validity

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9
Q

give two disadvantages of natural experiments

A

lack of casual relationship (IV not directly manipulated)

lack of random allocation

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10
Q

what’s a quasi experiment ?

A

an experiment where variables or IV can’t be manipulated by anyone - they already have it eg. gender or ethnicity

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11
Q

give two advantages of a quasi experiment

A

allows comparison between people

can be carried out in a lab

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12
Q

give two disadvantages of a quasi experiment

A

if tested in a lab, low ecological validity

lack of random allocation

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13
Q

what’s an extrenuous variable ?

A

any variable that may affect the DV - control variables

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14
Q

whats a confounding variable?

A

variables that can’t be or aren’t controlled in an experiment

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15
Q

what is external validity and the 3 types?

A

the degree to which research can be generalised

- ecological (in terms of where it was researched)
 - population (people tested eg. diversity)
 - historical (still valid today?)
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16
Q

what is internal validity?

A

the degree to which the findings are valid in terms of what goes on in the study eg. IV affecting DV? testing the correct DV? confounding and extrenuous ?

17
Q

how can validity be tested?

A

pilot experiments

18
Q

what is external reliability?

A

repeating and comparing the experiment to be able to trust it

19
Q

what is internal reliability?

A

making sure people in the study have the same experience

20
Q

How can reliability be tested?

A

pilot stidy

21
Q

what is an independent group design?

A

each group does ONE level of the IV

22
Q

what is the repeated measures design?

A

ALL participants receive all levels of the IV

23
Q

what is counterbalancing?

A

either AB, BA or ABBA

24
Q

what is the matched pairs design?

A

matching participants on similar relevant characteristics and having two similar groups

25
Q

give 2 advantages of the independent groups?

A

avoid order and practice effects

26
Q

give two disadvantages of the independent groups

A

can’t control pps variables eg. abilities

needs more pps

27
Q

give two positives of repeated measures

A

same skill sets

needs less pps

28
Q

give two disadvantages of the repeated measures

A

order or practice effect

pps may guess the aim

29
Q

give two advantages of the matched pairs

A

avoid order effects

needs less participants

30
Q

give two disadvantages of the matched pairs

A

time consuming

only matching known relevant variables

31
Q

what is opportunity sampling?

A

finding pps through convenience

32
Q

what is random sampling?

A

Radom allocation

33
Q

what is stratified sampling?

A

pps are gained due to the percent of their subgroup in the population

34
Q

what is volunteer sampling?

A

voluntary pps

35
Q

what do the bps guidelines say?

A 
consent
privacy 
deception 
harm 
withdraw
briefing

Psychology (4 decks)

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