Research Methods

Question 1

Hypothesis

Answer 1

A testable statement about the relationship between two variables. In an experiment these variables are called the Independent Variable (IV) and the Dependant Variable (DV)

Question 2

Variable

Answer 2

A factor or thing that can change-it varies.

Question 3

Independent Variable (IV)

Answer 3

The Variable that the researcher alters or manipulates to look for an effect on another variable. This variable produces the two conditions of the study.

Question 4

Dependant Variable (DV)

Answer 4

The variable that the researcher measures to see if the IV has affected it.

Question 5

Experiment

Answer 5

The method of research in which all variables other than the IV and DV are controlled. This allows the researcher to identify a cause-and-effect relationship between the IV and DV.

Question 6

Condition

Answer 6

An experiment is usually organised so there are two trials, after which the performances of the ptps are compared. These are the conditions of the experiment.

Question 7

Order effect

Answer 7

This occurs when a ptp’s performance in the second condition of an experiment is affected because they have already done the first condition. They may do it better because of practice or worse because of tiredness. This may happen in a repeated measures design.

Question 8

Ptps variables

Answer 8

The differences between the people who take part in the study. These may affect the results of an experiment that uses an independent groups design.

Question 9

Participant (ptp)

Answer 9

A person who is selected to take part in a study.

Question 10

Random sample

Answer 10

Every member of the target population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.

Question 11

Opportunity sample

Answer 11

People who are members of the target population and are available and willing to take part.

Question 12

Systematic sample

Answer 12

Every ‘Nth’ member of the target population is selected for the sample.

Question 13

Stratified sample

Answer 13

To obtain this type of sample, the different subgroups in the target population are identified; then people are randomly selected from these subgroups to their numbers in the target population.

Question 14

Standardised procedures-

Answer 14

A set of order carrying out a study that is applied to all ptps when necessary

Question 15

Random allocation-

Answer 15

A procedure for putting ptps into conditions by chance

Question 16

Counterbalancing-

Answer 16

A procedure for evening out the order in which ptps complete both conditions of an experiment.

Question 17

Instructions-

Answer 17

The written ( or verbal) information given to ptps during the experiment.

Question 18

Randomisation-

Answer 18

Using chance to produce an order for a procedure.

Question 19

Ecological validity-

Answer 19

The results of the investigation can be said to apply to real-life behaviour. They are an accurate account of behaviour in the real world.

Question 20

Objectivity-

Answer 20

Not affected by personal biases.