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Psychology > Research Methods > Flashcards

Research Methods Flashcards

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0
Q

Deception

A

Lying to someone so they don’t know what’s going on and can’t make their own decision

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1
Q

Informed consent

A

Telling someone everything they need to know to make a decision

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2
Q

Protection from harm

A

Can’t harm the patient physically or mentally anymore then they could be on an everyday basis

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3
Q

Confidentiality

A

Publishing results anonymously so all participants names are protected

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4
Q

Right to withdraw

A

Being able to leave an experiment at anytime without having your results published

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5
Q

Ethics

A

What’s morally right or wrong

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6
Q

Debriefing

A

Telling the participant after the research what it was about to see if they have concerns and can withdraw

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7
Q

Presumptive consent

A

Asking a group of people if they feel a planned study is acceptable. If they say yes you presume you can do it on a different group

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8
Q

Aim

A

Main focus area of your study

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9
Q

Hypothesis

A

A prediction about what will happen

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10
Q

Directional hypothesis

A

A clear prediction of the results. Eg Boys will have higher grades then girls in the exams

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11
Q

Non directional hypothesis

A

No clear direction in prediction. Eg boys will have different results then girls in exams

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12
Q

Independent variable

A

Something you change

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13
Q

Dependent variable

A

Something you measure

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14
Q

Operational

A

Make your hypothesis specific enough to test

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15
Q

Lab experiment

A

Experiment done in a lab where all variables can be controlled

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16
Q

Field experiment

A

In the real world but variables can still be controlled to some extent

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17
Q

Natural experiment

A

In the real world but you can’t control the variables, you have to let it happen

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18
Q

Opportunity sampling

A

The nearest available people

19
Q

Volunteer sampling

A

Advertise then people would offer to do it

20
Q

Random sampling

A

Random selection of everyone in your target section. Eg names out of a hat

21
Q

Validity

A

How far you can trust the results/ how true it is. Does it measure what you’re aiming to measure

22
Q

Internal validity

A

Things inside the study, you are measuring what you want

23
Q

External validity

A

How the results can be used to fit lots of people. Apply the results to everyone

24
Q

Ecological validity

A

Can you apply the results to other people around the world

25
Q

Population validity

A

Apply results to different types of people

26
Q

Historical validity

A

Apply results to different time periods

27
Q

Investigator effects

A

When the researcher gives clues to bring about the results they want

28
Q

Demand characteristics

A

When the participants work our what the experiment is wanting due to the way the experiment is designed and changes their behaviour to meet these demands

29
Q

Controlled observation

A

A form of investigation in which behaviour is observed but under controlled conditions

30
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

A research method carried out in a natural setting, the investigator does not interfere but just observes. Involves use of structured observation

31
Q

Unstructured observation

A

An observer records all relevant behaviour but has no system. Behaviour to be studied is largely unpredictable

32
Q

Behavioural categories

A

Different types of behaviour can be done using a behavioural checklist or coding system

33
Q

Sampling procedure

A

How you organise an observation to get the results

34
Q

Questionnaire

A

The collection of data through the use of written answers

35
Q

Open questions

A

When the respondent uses their own answers and tends to produce quantitive data

36
Q

Closed question

A

Questions with a range of different answers which produces quantitive data

37
Q

Structured interviews

A

Questions are decided in advance

38
Q

Unstructured interviews

A

Interviews has a general aim abs possible questions

39
Q

Pilot study

A

Trial run of your study before the real thing to see if the study has to be changed

40
Q

Content analysis

A

Indirect observation where you observe something that people produce. Eg TV adverts

41
Q

Case study

A

A investigation not an experiment of a single individual, group or community

42
Q

Longitudinal

A

A study over a number of years

43
Q

Measures of dispersion

A

How spread out your data is. (Standard deviation or range)

44
Q

Measures of central tendency

A

The average, mean, median, mode

Psychology (3 decks)

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