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Psychology Unit 1 > Research Methods > Flashcards

Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

Advantages of Questionnaires

A
  • Highly replicable
  • Time and Cost efficient; Large sample, more data
  • Less investigator effects; Researchers don’t need to be present, improves validity
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2
Q

Disadvantages of Questionnaires

A
  • May modify their answers, reduces validity
  • Biased towards more literate people; reduces population validity
  • Participants are unable to ask for help with unclear questions
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3
Q

Advantages of Interviews

A
  • Appropriate for dealing with sensitive topics
  • Since researcher is present, any issues can be cleared up
  • Lots of data gathered
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4
Q

Disadvantages of Interviews

A
  • Time consuming to prepare, conduct and analyse
  • Demand characteristics/ Social Desirability bias, reduces validity
  • Low inter-rater reliability between interviews
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5
Q

Case Study

A

An in depth study of just one individual.

Allows researchers to investigate unique cases in a lot of detail.

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6
Q

Advantages of Case Studies

A
  • Rich and Interesting Data

- Unique cases can challenge existing ideas and theories

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7
Q

Disadvantages of Case Studies

A
  • Only a limited number of people are investigated
  • Difficult to generalize and replicate
  • Data may be unrealiable due to subjective/ biased recall by the researcher
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8
Q

Advantages of Observations

A
  • High ecological validity

- Allows researchers to investigate topics that might be unethical to experiment

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9
Q

Disadvantages of Observations

A
  • If participants are aware, behaviour might be unnatural; Lacks ecological validity
  • Ethical issues ( Informed consent, Confidentiality, Right to Withdraw)
  • Low reliability; difficult to replicate
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10
Q

Advantages of Content Analysis

A
  • Easy to replicate; findings are reliable
  • High ecological validity because it’s based on results gathered in natural settings
  • Easy to present qualitative data in an easy way
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11
Q

Disadvantages of Content Analysis

A
  • Low validity
  • Extremely time consuming
  • Ethical issues
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12
Q

Disadvantages of Correctional Analysis

A
  • Can’t establish cause and effect between variables
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13
Q

Advantages of Lab Experiment

A
  • Controlled environment so it’s easy to replicate; check reliability
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14
Q

Disadvantages of Lab Experiment

A
  • Demand characteristics

- Cannot be applicable to real life situations; Highly artificial

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15
Q

Advantages of Field Experiment

A
  • Higher ecologility validity due to real life setting; Generalisable
  • Low demand characteristics
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16
Q

Disadvantages of Field Experiment

A
  • No control over the participants
  • Less control over IV and measuring DV
  • Cannot be generalized
17
Q

Advantages of Natural Experiment

A
  • Reduced demand characteristics

- Investigator doesn’t intervene

18
Q

Disadvantages of Natural Experiment

A
  • Investigator doesn’t control the IV
  • A cause/ effect relationship is difficult to establish
  • Ethical issues (Confidentiality, Right to Withdraw)
19
Q

Experimental Designs

A

1) Independent Groups
2) Repeated Measures
3) Matched Pairs

20
Q

Advantages of Independent Groups

A
  • Each participants only takes part once

- Order effect, such as boredom, tiredness and learning is reduced; Increases validity

21
Q

Disadvantages of Independent Groups

A
  • A lot of participants needed hence expensive

- Individual differences may negatively effect the results

22
Q

Independent Groups

A

Using different participants for each condition of the experiment

23
Q

Repeated Measures

A

Same participants are used in both conditions

24
Q

Advantages of Repeated Measures

A
  • Fewer participants are required; cost effective

- Individual differences

25
Q

Disadvantages of Repeated Measures

A
  • Order effects impact on results and conclusion validity
26
Q

Advantages of Matched Pairs

A
  • Each participants only takes part once; Fair test

- Order effects are reduced because they experience one condition; Increases validity

27
Q

Disadvantages of Matched Pairs

A
  • Difficult, time consuming and may be inaccurate; participant variables are not eliminated
28
Q

Extraneous Variables

A

IV may have an influence on the DV. Uncontrolled variable that should be eliminated.

Psychology Unit 1 (2 decks)

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