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Psychology UNIT 2 > Research methods > Flashcards

Research methods Flashcards

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1
Q

Content analysis

A

analysis of secondary data and qualitative data (non-numerical data) and to transform it into quantitative data (numerical data).

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2
Q

Thematic Analysis

A

a method for identifing, analysing and reporting patterns (themes) within data.

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3
Q

Reliability

A

How consistent is the data? Can it. produce the same results on different occasions?

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4
Q

Inter-observer reliability

A

When another observer repeats the test and shares the data with yours to see if you have high agreement |1| or low |0| (kappa score)

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5
Q

Test-retest reliability

A

Giving the same PPs the same test at different times. and assessing the results similarity. including behaviour categories help improve the score.

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6
Q

Standardisation reliability

A

To ensure that each procedure is robust and repeated consistently across trials. improves your reliability.

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7
Q

Validity

A

How accurate is you data? Are you measuring what intended?

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8
Q

Ecological validity

A

The ability to generalise the research results to different environments and achieve the same results.

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9
Q

Temporal validity

A

The ability to generalise the research to different time periods and achieve the same results.

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10
Q

Population validity

A

Can the research be generalised to different samples of participants.

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11
Q

Concurrent validity

A

To compare your research results to other similar results in the field and assessing if they are similar.

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12
Q

Face validity

A

To what extent the test measures what it claims to measure.

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13
Q

Alternative hypothesis

A

A statement about the relationship/difference between to variables.

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14
Q

Null hypothesis

A

The assumption there is no relationship/difference

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15
Q

Type 1 error

A

False positive. Ive rejected the null when I should have accepted it. believe there is a positive affect when there isn’t one.

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16
Q

Type 2 error

A

you fail to reject the null (you accept it) and believe there isn’t a negative affect when there is one.

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17
Q

Directional

A

My hypothesis directly predicts the direction of the results

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18
Q

Non-directional

A

My hypothesis states there is a difference but doesn’t state which way.

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19
Q

One tailed

A

Using a directional hypothesis

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20
Q

Two tailed

A

Using a non-directional hypothesis

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21
Q

IV

A

What you’re manipulating (what changes)

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22
Q

DV

A

What you’re measuring.

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23
Q

Confounding variable

A

A variable which can change the DV but can’t always be controlled (mood) but can cause confusion in the results (time of day)

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24
Q

Extraneous variable

A

Aspects which you try and control - time of day, lights, temperature of the room.

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25
Q

Opportunity sampling

A

Use the PPs that are most convenient or most available.

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26
Q

Random sampling

A

names/numbers out of a hat

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27
Q

Stratified sampling

A

Subgroups (schemas) of the population and a proportionate amount.

28
Q

Systematic sampling

A

Nth term of a list of people

29
Q

Volunteer sampling

A

Advertise and wait for people to volunteer.

30
Q

Repeated measures

A

Same PPs in each condition

31
Q

Independent measures

A

Separate groups do separate conditions

32
Q

Matched pairs

A

2 PPs who are matched based on characteristics

33
Q

What are the 5 features of a science?

A
  1. empirical methods
  2. objectivity
  3. replicability
  4. theory construction
  5. Hypothesis testing
34
Q

empirical methods

A

observable and quantitive data (numerical)

35
Q

objectivity

A

No bias or opinions involved

36
Q

replicability

A

does it produce the same results with different people.

37
Q

theory construction

A

general laws, principles or classifications can be made

38
Q

hypothesis testing

A

test and refine test and theory

39
Q

Falsifiability

A

Always aiming to prove your hypothesis wrong

40
Q

Paradigm

A

a set of ideas that can change over time.

41
Q

Peer review

A

Specialists in the field assess the scientists work produced by others the quality and accuracy of their research .

42
Q

Nominal data

A

Named categories

43
Q

Ordinal data

A

data that can be ordered

44
Q

Interval data

A

Data with equal measurements in-between each value and that can go below 0.

45
Q

Qualitative data

A

Non-numerical

46
Q

Quantitive data

A

Numerical

47
Q

Single Blind

A

PPs are not aware of the aims of the research condition that they are receiving.

48
Q

Double Blind

A

The research and PPs are not aware which condition the PP is receiving.

49
Q

Journal reference

A

Authors name, date, title of the article, journal title, volume

50
Q

Book reference

A

Authors name, date, time of book, place of publication and publisher

51
Q

the mean

A

Add all the values and divide by the number of values that you have.

52
Q

Mode

A

most frequent data

53
Q

Median

A

middle value

54
Q

Range

A

distance between top and bottom value

55
Q

standard deviation

A

Precise measure of spread which measures the average range

56
Q

Chi-squared

A

Difference, independent, nominal OR correlation, nominal

57
Q

Mann-Whitney U

A

Difference, independent, ordinal

58
Q

Unrelated T-test

A

Difference, independent, Interval

59
Q

Sign test

A

Difference, repeated, nominal

60
Q

Wilcoxon

A

Difference, repeated, ordinal

61
Q

Related t-test

A

Difference, repeated, interval

62
Q

Spearman’s rho

A

Correlation, ordinal

63
Q

Pearson’s R

A

Correlation, interval

64
Q

Name all 8 tests (use the acronym)

A

Chi-squared, Mann-Whitney U, Unrelated T-test, Sign test, Wilcoxon, Related t-test, Spearman’s rho, Pearson’s R

65
Q

Whats the acronym for the tests

A

Childish
Men
Usually
Suck
With
Relationships
Cuz of their
Small
P…

Psychology UNIT 2 (1 decks)

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