Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an open question

A

A question phrased in a way that allows the participant to answer in any way they want

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2
Q

What is a closed question

A

The question is phrased in a way that responses are limited to a few options. This produces quantitative data

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3
Q

What are benefits to open questions

A

Freedom to choose their response and this can be argued to lead to more valid responses

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4
Q

What is a negative if open question

A

Makes analysis between large number of participants difficult making it harder to spot patterns in responses

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5
Q

What are positives of closed questions

A

Allows for easy analysis between large number of participants so patterns are easily spotted

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6
Q

Disadvantage of closed questions

A

Responses are limited
Demand characteristics

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7
Q

What is a structured interview

A

Interview reads out a list of prepared questions as they are written

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8
Q

What are advantages of structured

A

.Interview does not have to be highly trained
.easy to compare as same questions are used

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9
Q

What are negatives of structured

A

Can’t be followed up by additional questions that can provide more detail

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10
Q

What is unstructured

A

No set list of questions, an open conversation about topic

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11
Q

Positives of unstructured

A

.Rapport-where the participant feels more comfortable to answer
.additional questions are allowed

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12
Q

What are some negatives of self report techniques

A

Social desirability-participants responding in a way at to look good for researcher

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13
Q

Demand characteristics

A

Cues in the environment which leads to participants working out the aim

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14
Q

Researcher bias

A

Researcher interpreting responses to open questions in a way that confirms their research hypothesis

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15
Q

Investigator effects

A

Personal characteristics of interview which influence participant responses

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16
Q

Positives of questionnaire

A

.dont require trained interviewer making collecting data a cheap and easy process
.closed questions can compare responses easily

17
Q

Questionnaire negatives

A

.not taken seriously
.participants can’t have questions rephrased if they don’t understand

18
Q

Benefits of interviews

A

.can rephrase difficult questions
.can build rapport with participant

19
Q

Interview negatives

A

.requires an interviewer and this increases cost per participant especially if training is required
.interviewer effects

20
Q

What is validity

A

The test measures what it aims to measure

21
Q

Reliability

A

How consistent data is

22
Q

Internal validity

A

How well a study’s results support a claim about cause and effect

23
Q

Ecological validity

A

Measure of how well a study’s finding can be applied to real world settings

24
Q

Population validity

A

Type of external validity that measures how well a study’s finding can be generalised to a target population

25
Q

What are lab experiments

A

Manipulating variables in a controlled environment

26
Q

Benefits of lab experiments

A

.Confidence in establishing cause and effect relationship between changes
.high internal validity- observed change in dv is due to change in iv

27
Q

Disadvantages of lab

A

.mundane realism
.demand characteristics
Low ecological validity
Task aren’t like tests in real life situation so low external validity Task

28
Q

What is field experiments

A

An experiment done int eh real world where the iv is deliberately changed

29
Q

Advantages of field

A

.High ecological validity
.no demand characteristics as ppl are unaware they’re in an experiment

30
Q

Disadvantages of field

A

.lack of control over extraneous variables so low internal validity

31
Q

What is Natural experiments

A

Where the two levels of iv are occurring naturally and the researcher simply measures the change in dv between two levels

32
Q

Advantages of natural

A

.Research in areas that couldn’t not happen in controlled experimentation
.high external validity