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Psychology - Paper 2 > Research Methods > Flashcards

Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 1

What is Research Methods?

A

Research methods are the strategies, processes or techniques used in the collection of data or evidence for analysis to uncover new information.

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2
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 1

What do Research Methods aim to be?

A

Aim to be scientific because they seek to be objective and controlled and repeatable.

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3
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 1

Types of Experiments:

A

Lab, Field, Natural & Quasi.

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4
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 1

Types of Observations:

A

Naturalistic & Controlled.
Covert & Overt.
Participants & Non-participant.

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5
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 1

Self-Report Techniques:

A

Questionnaires & Interviews.

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6
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 1

Correlations:

A

Positive, Negative & Zero.

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7
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 1

What is an Aim?

When do you state it?

A

An aim is a statement of what the researcher(s) intend to find out in a research study.

Research should state the aim beforehand so it’s clear what the study in

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8
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 2

What is an experiments in psychology?

A

An experiment involves the manipulation of an independent variable to measure the effect on the dependent variable.

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9
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 2

What is a Variable?

A

Variables are used in experiments to determine if changes in one ‘thing’ result in changes to another - can vary or change within an investigation.

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10
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 2

What is the Independant Variable?

A

The variable that is manipulated by the researcher so that they can measure the effect on the dependent variable.

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11
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 2

What is the Dependant Variable?

A

The variable that is measured by the researcher. Any effect on this variable should be caused by changes in the independent variable.

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12
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 2

What are the levels of the Independant Variable?

A

The Control condition and the Experimental Condition?

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13
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 2

Why do you need different conditions for the Independant Variable?

A

To test the effect of the IV the researcher needs different conditions so that they can make a comparison between the participants and their performance.

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14
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 2

What is the Control condition?

Results are compared to the Experimental condition.

A

The condition in an experiment that provides a baseline measure of behaviour without the manipulation of the independent variable.

Results are compared to the Experimental condition.

e.g. No Energy drink & learning with no naps

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15
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 2

What is the Experimental condition?

Results are compared to the Control condition.

A

The condition in an experiment that involves the manipulation of the independent variable.

Results are compared to the Control condition.

e.g. Energy drink & learning with naps

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16
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 2

What is a Hypothesis?

A

Predicts a statistically significant effect of an IV on a DV (i.e. an experiment), or a significant relationship between variables (i.e. a correlation study).

17
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 2

What is a Directional Difference Hypothesis?

(One-tailed Difference hypopthesis)

A

This is a difference hypothesis as it is stating a difference between two conditions; predicting the direction of the results.

18
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 2

What is a Directional Relationship Hypothesis?

(One-tailed Relationship Hypothesis)

A

This is a correlation hypothesis as it is stating a relationship between two “things”; predicting the direction of the results.

19
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 2

What is a Non-Directional Hypothesis?

(Two-tailed Hypothesis)

A

A non-directional (two tailed) research hypothesis does not predict a direction of the results. However, non-directional hypotheses do predict “a significant difference” between things.

20
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 2

Why do researchers use a Non-Directional Hypothesis?

(Two-tailed Hypothesis)

A

This is because there is no previous research to allow a prediction.

21
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 2

What is a Non-Directional Relationship Hypothesis?

(Two-tailed Relationship Hypothesis)

A

This is a relationship hypothesis as it is stating a relationship between two “things”. It is also a non-directional hypothesis as it is not predicting the direction of results.

22
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 2

What is a Null Hypothesis?

A

Every psychology study has a null hypothesis. This predicts that a statistically significant effect or relationship will not be found.

23
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 2

What is a a Null Difference Hypothesis?

A

This is a null hypothesis as it is not stating that there will be a difference between two conditions: “There will be no significant difference in motivation questionnaire scores between athletes who train with and without a training partner.”.

24
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 2

What is a Null Relationship Hypothesis?

A

This is a null hypothesis as it is not stating that there will be a relationship between two “things”: “There will be no significant relationship between motivation questionnaire scores and the number of partners athletes train with.”.

25
Q

Research Methods - Lesson 2

What is the difference between aims and hypotheses?

(Three differences)

A
  • An aim is like the goal of research. Whereas the hypothesis is the testable statement.
  • Aims aren’t precise enough to test.
  • Hypotheses can make predictions about the research findings. It is what will be tested in the research.
26
Q

What is the difference between an experimental and a correlational hypotheses?

A

Psychology - Paper 2 (3 decks)

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