Research Methods

Question 1

Extraneous variable

Answer 1

Something that may impact the experiment but is not supposed to

Question 2

Lab experiment

Answer 2

A strictly controlled, artificial experiment where the IV is deliberately manipulated and the DV is measured in order to gain quantitative data
Extraneous variables are controlled as best as possible

Question 3

Field experiment

Answer 3

Natural, real world environment
IV deliberately manipulated
DV is measured
Extraneous variables are minimally controlled

Question 4

Natural experiment

Answer 4

Any setting
IV is pre exisiting, not manipulated
DV is measured
Extraneous variables have little to no control

Question 5

Demand characteristics

Answer 5

Ques given by researcher or research which may be interpreted by participants which in turn may help them figure out the true nature if the exoeirment. This may lead to a change in participant behaviour.

Question 6

Internal validity

Answer 6

The extent in which an experiment can be repeated to check consistency of results

Question 7

External validity

Answer 7

Whether findings of a study can be generalised to other contexts

Question 8

Ecological validity

Answer 8

Whether experiments settings reflect real life situations and behaviour

Question 9

Standardisation

Answer 9

Keeping everything the same, confidence in knowing that the IV is the only thing affecting the DV

Question 10

Participant variable

Answer 10

Individual differences between participants and the ways in which each participant varies from one another

Question 11

Situational variable

Answer 11

Features of the environment or setting that may affect participants mood

Question 12

Repeated measures

Answer 12

All participants take part in all coneitions of expeirment
So the same people are in each conditions of the IV

Question 13

Counterbalancing

Answer 13

An attempt to control the effects of order in a repeated measures design
Half participants do experiment in one order and other half do it in reverse

Question 14

Matched pairs design

Answer 14

Uses different participants in each condition but attempts to match them on important characteristics

Question 15

Stratified sampling

Answer 15

A sub group which are in the target population

Question 16

Correlation

Answer 16

Where researchers investigate the associations between two variables called co-variables

Question 17

Negative correlation

Answer 17

When one variable increases the other decreases the

Question 18

Quantitive data

Answer 18

Data represented numerically, including anything that can be counted, measured, or given a numerical value

Question 19

Qualitative data

Answer 19

Information that cannot be counted, measured, or easily expressed using numbers