research methods

Question 1

between subjects design

Answer 1

participants are allocated to the control OR the experimental condition

pro: no order effects
con: doesn’t control for participant differences

Question 2

within subjects design

Answer 2

each participants exposed to the control and experimental condition

pro: controls for participant differences
con: order effect

Question 3

placebo effect

Answer 3

tendency of participant expectations to influence their behaviour

controlled for by: placebo, single blind procedure

Question 4

non-standardised instructions & procedures

Answer 4

involves subjects receiving different instructions or conducting the experiment in a different context

Question 5

individual participant differences

Answer 5

the control and experimental groups may contain significant individual differences

Question 6

order effect

Answer 6

where the order that a task was completed has an unwanted effect on the DV

control technique: counterbalancing

Question 7

experimenter effect

Answer 7

refers to the actions of the experimenter affecting the results of the experiment

control technique: double blind procedure

Question 8

validity

Answer 8

refers to the extent to which an assessment tool actually measures what it is designed to measure

Question 9

internal validity

Answer 9

how well the study has been conducted

Question 10

external validity

Answer 10

how applicable the findings are beyond the study

Question 11

random sampling

Answer 11

every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

Question 12

convenience sampling

Answer 12

selecting readily available participants without any attempt to make sample representative of the population of interest

Question 13

stratified sampling

Answer 13

divides population into different strata, then selects a sample from each strata in the same proportion of the population of interest

Question 14

mean

Answer 14

average

Question 15

median

Answer 15

middle number

Question 16

mode

Answer 16

most commonly occurring number

Question 17

standard deviation

Answer 17

variance of scores, shows the spread of scores around the mean

Question 18

repeatability

Answer 18

extent to which successive measurements or studies produce the SAME results when repeated under in IDENTICAL conditions

Question 19

reproducibility

Answer 19

extent to which successive measurements or studies produce the SAME results when repeated under DIFFERENT conditions

Question 20

allocation

Answer 20

how participants are assigned to control & experimental groups

Question 21

control group

Answer 21

acts as a baseline comparison to determine whether the IV has affected the DV

Question 22

extraneous variables

Answer 22

any variable outside the IV that may have an unwanted affect on the DV

Question 23

confounding variables

Answer 23

unwanted variable that HAS had an affect on the DV