Research Methods Flashcards
What is Science?
A set of valid knowledge that explains reality through critical reasoning and cummulative knowledge building
(strives for new truths by questioning existing knowledge)
What is Academic Research?
The systematic process of collecting and interpreting information to adress specific questions and problems
(involves critical thinking, transparency, and ethical conduct)
The Scientific Research Process:
1) Identify Research Gap/Problem
2) Understand Existing Knowledge
3) Research
4) Publish Results
What are Research Paradigms?
The basic values of how truth is discovered
(theory of knowledge, knowledge building)
Research Paradigms
Positivism:
Seeking one objective truth through mathematical and logical methods
(quantitative approach)
surveys, questionnaires
Research Paradigms
Constructivism:
Acknowledge multiple subjective truths constructed from different perspectives
(qualitative approach)
case studies, ethnography, netnography
Scientific Paradigms
Pragmatism
Prioritizing problem-solving thourgh flexible use of qualitative and quantitative methods
(mixed-methods approach)
focus groups
Research Approach
Epistemology
The philosophical understanding of how knowledge is discovered and built
What is a Market Survey?
Gathering numerical data from a sample to understand opinions, preferences, or behaviors
Market Surveys
Probability Sampling:
(random)
Gives each element a known chance of being selected
(Simple Random Sampling)
Market Surveys
Non-probability Sampling
(not random)
Uses judgement or convenience to select elements
(Convenience Sampling)
What is a hypotheses?
Tentative statements about relationships between variables
Hypotheses
Relational:
Indicates a relationship exists, but direction unknown
(correlational statistical analysis)
Hypotheses
Casual
Indicates one variable influences another
(regression statistical analysis)
In-Depth Interviews:
One-on-one qualitative interviews for in-depth understanding
