Research Methods

Question 1

5 elements of research design

Answer 1

Systematic, logical, empirical, reductive, replicable

Question 2

Research Process

Answer 2

Review literature, formulate questions, design research, collect data, interpret results, publish findings

Question 3

Two types of reductionism

Answer 3

Basic, Applied

Question 4

Basic reductionism

Answer 4

simple, structured form f science, performed in labs, more theoretical

Question 5

Applied reductionism

Answer 5

more objective view on study, field based, happens in real world

Question 6

Validity of basic reductionism

Answer 6

good internal validity, poor external validity

Question 7

Validity of applied reductionism

Answer 7

poor internal validity, good external validity

Question 8

internal validity

Answer 8

confidence that factor a causes factor b

Question 9

external validity

Answer 9

how results canoe generalised and applied to real world

Question 10

Sampling techniques

Answer 10

Random sampling, stage sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling opportunity sampling

Question 11

Random Sampling

Answer 11

Use a random number generator after listing all population with numbers

Question 12

Stage sampling

Answer 12

Random sampling starting from a broad group and creating sub groups with more specific conditions

Question 13

systematic sampling

Answer 13

Use a random number generator to find start point then sample in set increments from this point

Question 14

stratified sample

Answer 14

using a sample that represents the population

Question 15

cluster sample

Answer 15

testing naturally occurring groups

Question 16

opportunity sampling

Answer 16

sample anyone who is willing to take part

Question 17

research design continuum

Answer 17

The manner by which we categorise research design

Question 18

3 sub units of research design continuum

Answer 18

Analytical, descriptive, experimental

Question 19

Analytical research designs

Answer 19

Reviews, Historical, philosophical

Question 20

reviews

Answer 20

critiquing evidence and meta analysis

Question 21

historical research design

Answer 21

accessing past records and documenting events

Question 22

philosophical research design

Answer 22

organising evidence and synthesising theory

Question 23

Descriptive research designs

Answer 23

case study, surveys

Question 24

case studys

Answer 24

documenting an individual

Question 25

survey types

Answer 25

Cross sectional, longitudinal, correlational

Question 26

cross sectional survey

Answer 26

at a single time point

Question 27

longitudinal survey

Answer 27

Survey at multiple time points

Question 28

correlational survey

Answer 28

survey to measure relationships between measurments

Question 29

4 types of Experimental design

Answer 29

pre-design, quasi-design, true-design, stats-design

Question 30

independant variable

Answer 30

cause of change

Question 31

dependant vriable

Answer 31

measurment

Question 32

extraneous variable

Answer 32

variable from outside study that may affect the study

Question 33

confounding variable

Answer 33

extraneous variable that has affected study

Question 34

Pre- design experiments

Answer 34

Pre experimental design, pre-test-post-test design, static group comparison

Question 35

pre experimental design

Answer 35

anecdotal evidence

Question 36

pre-test-post-test

Answer 36

recording a start and end point without control

Question 37

static group comparison

Answer 37

comparing results with control group without a pre test

Question 38

example of how a quasi design experiment could be taken

Answer 38

weekly measurements taken before test carried out, then take more measurements.

Question 39

Reverse time series (quasi-design)

Answer 39

removing test and recording results

Question 40

Example of true designs

Answer 40

randomised group comparison, matched group design, matched pair design, repeated measures design/

Question 41

randomised group comparison

Answer 41

everyone in design has same baseline through true randomisation

Question 42

matched group design

Answer 42

altering groups so the baseline is the same

Question 43

matched pair design

Answer 43

pair people with same baseline and put in seperate groups

Question 44

repeated measurement design

Answer 44

same group does test and placebo test

Question 45

RCT

Answer 45

randomised controlled trial

Question 46

Randomised controlled trail

Answer 46

Two groups. one group have intervention, other group receives placebo. compare data for differences

Question 47

Limitations of RTC

Answer 47

interaction affect, baseline test and supplement cause self consciousness so as a result actions in testing are different

Question 48

Solomon foreground design

Answer 48

group with baseline test and end test with placebo and intervention. compared with trial not including baseline measure

Question 49

Inductive logica reasoning

Answer 49

forming a theory through making observations

Question 50

deductive logical reasoning

Answer 50

testing a theory

Question 51

epistemology

Answer 51

how we apporach research

Question 52

ontology

Answer 52

weather what your measuring is tangeable

Question 53

Pvalue 0.01

Answer 53

if the variables are not linked, there is a 1% chance of seeing relationship