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Psychology: P2 research methods and approaches > Research Methods > Flashcards

Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an aim?

A

generalised statement

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2
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

clear, precise and testable statement

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3
Q

What is directional hypothesis?

A

previous research done, so know the direction the results will be in
eg more, less

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4
Q

What is non-directional hypothesis?

A

no previous research done, so direction of results isn’t know
eg difference

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5
Q

What is the independent variable?

A

the variable that the researcher manipulates

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6
Q

What is the dependent variable?

A

the variable that the researcher manipulates

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7
Q

What is operationalisation?

A

clearly defining variables in terms of how they can be tested

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8
Q

What is an extraneous variable?

A

other variables that could effect DV that should be identified and resolved before the experiment takes place

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9
Q

What is a confounding variable?

A

variables that haven’t been controlled and is unexpected that change the DV, researchers find out about them after the experiment has been done

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10
Q

What is a demand characteristic?

A

clues about the experiment so the pps could figure out the purpose of the experiment and change behaviors to a screw you or please you effect

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11
Q

What are investigator effects?

A

researcher acting in a specific way to give clues as to the way the pp should act

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12
Q

What is randomisation?

A

randomly allocate pps and tasks to reduce research influence

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13
Q

What is standardisation?

A

making conditions as similar as possible to make it fair to pps completing conditions

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14
Q

What are order effects?

A

where the order influences how pps act
eg the time of day the experiment is conducted on each group

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15
Q

What is the independant measures design?

A

groups of pps randomly split into groups and in a condition

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16
Q

What are 2 advantages and disadvantages of independant measures design?

A

-no order effects
- same material used twice

  • need more pps to take part
  • different pps in each group which will effect the DV
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17
Q

What is the matched pairs design?

A

pps put in pairs based on certain variables and each pair is split up, one in each condition

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18
Q

What are 2 advantages and disadvantages of matched pairs design?

A
  • no order effects
  • pp variables reduced
  • the matching is time consuming
  • they are different people so still some pp variables
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19
Q

What is repeated measures design?

A

where the same group repeat the experiment twice

20
Q

What are 2 advantages and disadvantages of repeated measures design?

A
  • only need 10 pps to get 20 scores
  • no pp variables
  • pps may work out aims of experiments and act accordingly
  • pps may be subject to order effects
21
Q

What is counterbalancing?

A

repeated measures
condition A then B or condition B then A
ABBA

22
Q

List the types of experiments

A

laboratory, field, natural, quasi

23
Q

Definition of lab experiments

A
24
Q

Definition of field experiments

A
25
Q

Definition of natural experiments

A
26
Q

Definition of quasi experiments

A
27
Q

2 strengths and limitations of laboratory experiments

A
28
Q

2 strengths and limitations of field experiments

A
29
Q

2 strengths and limitations of natural experiments

A
30
Q

2 strengths and limitations of quasi experiments

A
31
Q

List the types of sampling

A
32
Q

What does target population mean?

A
33
Q

What does pilot studies mean?

A
34
Q

What are the 6 types of observations?

A
35
Q

What is the naturalistic observation?

A
36
Q

What is the controlled observation?

A
37
Q

What is the covert observation?

A
38
Q

What is the overt observation?

A
39
Q

What is the participant observation?

A
40
Q

What is the non-participant observation?

A
41
Q

Strength and limitation of naturalistic observation

A
42
Q

Strength and limitation of controlled observation

A
43
Q

Strength and limitation of covert observation

A
44
Q

Strength and limitation of overt observation

A
45
Q

Strength and limitation of participant observation

A
46
Q

Strength and limitation of non-participant observation

A

Psychology: P2 research methods and approaches (2 decks)

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