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individual and society > research methods > Flashcards

research methods Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the purpose of research in the social sciences

A

the main focus of the social sciences is understanding or changing human behavior

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2
Q

what does psychology study

A

internal cognitive causes, individual behaviors specific relationships/ environments a person might be in

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3
Q

what does sociology study?

A

how certian groups of people are treated/ behave differently from one another

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4
Q

anthropology

A

how values traditions, ideologies, norms influence behavior, culture-specific behaviors

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5
Q

woman and gender studies

A

how and why behaviors/ experiences differ by gender

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6
Q

what is the goal of basic research

A

describe some aspect of society and advance or understanding of it

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7
Q

what is the goal of applied research

A

to directly address some problem or need

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8
Q

what are the 4 elements of social science research?

A
  1. patterns in social life
  2. empirical evidence
  3. transparency of methods
  4. provisional knowledge
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9
Q

empirical evidence

A

evidance that can be observed or documented using human senses

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10
Q

what is quantitative data

A

evidance that can be summarized numerically

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11
Q

what does qualitative data mean

A

evidence that is not numerical in nature

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12
Q

variables

A

measures that have different values

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13
Q

what are independent variables

A

associated with causes that change in the value of dependent variable

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14
Q

what are dependent variables

A

changes in response to the independent variable

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15
Q

what does correlation mean

A

a relationship in which change in one variable is connected to change in another

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16
Q

hypothesis

A

a statement about the relationship between variables that is to be investigated

17
Q

what is transparency of methods

A

the requirement that researchers explain how they collected and analyzed their evidence and how they reached their conclusions

18
Q

what is provisional knowledge

A

claims that are tentative and open to revision in the face of new evidence

19
Q

what is a challenge of social research?

A

-researchers are often unable to control conditions
-social life cannot be predicted
-humans are conscious of being studied which may change their behavior (Hawthorne effect)

20
Q

hawthorne effect

A

humans are conscious of being studied which may change their behavior

21
Q

what is theory research dynamic?

A

highlighting key questions, explaining collected data, seeing connections

22
Q

what are the research methods in the social sciences

A

surveys, interviews and focus groups, field research, existing sources

23
Q

what are surveys

A

a data collection techniguq that involves asking someone a series of questions

24
Q

what is a population

A

the target group a researcher is interested in studying

25
Q

sample

A

part of the population that represents the whole

26
Q

generalize

A

describing patters of behavior of a larger population based on findings from a sample

27
Q

what is a random sample

A

a sample in which every element of population has an equal chance of being chosen

28
Q

convenience sample

A

a sample that is not representatice in statistical sense of a broader target population

29
Q

quota sample

A

specific groups in the broader target population are included in representative proprtions

30
Q

closed ended questions

A

are quntitative data

31
Q

open ended questions

A

qualitative data

32
Q

intensive interviews and focus groups

A

a data gathering technique that uses open ended questions during somewhat lengthy face to face sessions

32
Q

field research/ ethnography

A

a data collection technique in which the researcher systematically observes some aspect of social life in its natrual setting

32
Q

what are the subcategories of existing sources

A

secondary data analysis, content analysis

33
Q

what is institutional review board

A

reviews research studies to ensure that they comply with applicable regulations and meet commonly accepted ethical standards

33
Q

what are the categories of research ethics

A

anonymity, confidentiality, informed consent, institutional review board

33
Q

what is secondary data analysis

A

what is secondary data analysis

33
Q

content analysis

A

a variety of techniques that enable researchers to systemically summarise and anlyzye the content of various forms of communications

individual and society (5 decks)

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