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Pschology > Research methods > Flashcards

Research methods Flashcards

1
Q

What are ethics

A

Moral code laid down to achieve certain standards of behaviour

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2
Q

Why where the ethical guidelines put in place?

A

To protect health and well-being of participants

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3
Q

What are the ethic guidelines

A

Confidentiality
informed consent
debrief
deception
right to withdraw
protection from harm

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4
Q

what’s a correlation

A

measure the extent of which two variables are related
(association)

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5
Q

pros and cons of correlations

A

pros: quick and easy
cons: correlation does not equal causation

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6
Q

what’s an extraneous variable

A

factors that affect the dv if not controlled

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7
Q

what are confounding variables

A

Factors that may have already influenced the dv
eg) personality

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8
Q

demand characteristics

A

any cue from researcher that the participant interprets and therefore changes their behaviour

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9
Q

what is standardisation

A

using the same procedure and instructions for each participant

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10
Q

what are the four types of experiments?

A

Laboratory
Field
Natural
Quasi

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11
Q

what are the features of a laboratory experiment

A

Controlled conditions
Researcher manipulates iv
Control over extraneous variables
Participants randomly allocated

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12
Q

what are the features of a field experiment?

A

Everyday setting
Researcher manipulates iv
Some control over extraneous variables
Participants cannot be randomly allocated

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13
Q

what are the features of a natural experiment?

A

Artificial or natural setting
Iv is pre-existing, it’s a naturally occurring event
High control over extraneous variables
Participants cannot be randomly assigned

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14
Q

what are the features of a quasi experiment?

A

Controlled conditions
Iv is based on pre-existing difference in people
High control over extraneous variables
Participants cannot be randomly assigned

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15
Q

Pros and cons of Laboratory experiments

A

Pros: High internal validity
Cons: lacks generalisability, low external validity as it lacks realism

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16
Q

What are the three types of experimental design?

A

Independent group design
Repeated measures
Matched pair design

17
Q

What is independent group design?
and evaluate plz

A

Two separate groups of participants experience two conditions
Pros : order effect is not an issue, participants less likely to guess the aim
Cons: Less economical, participants are not the same which effects the iv

18
Q

what is repeated measures?
and evaluate pls

A

All participants experience both conditions
Pros: less participant variables and less people needed
Cons: order effect can create boredom or fatigue (counterbalancing)

19
Q

What is matched pairs?
and evaluate pls

A

Participants paired on similar variables. One from each pair is allocated to a condition
Pros: no order effect
Cons: time consuming and expensive

20
Q

what is a hypothesis?

A

clear, precise statement that need to be investigated

21
Q

what is an aim?

A

General statement of the intent to investigate

22
Q

What’s a null hypothesis?

A

when the independent variable does not affect the dependent variable

23
Q

What is a questionnaire?

A

A research instrument consisting of a. series of questions for the purpose of gathering information

24
Q

pros and cons of closed questions

A

pros: quantitative data, questions are standardised (can be easily replicated), can be economical
cons: lack detail

25
Q

pros and cons of open questions

A

pros: rich qualitative data, time consuming, hard to analyse, not suitable for everyone

26
Q

what are interviews?

A

a live encounter where one person asks questions to another to asses their thoughts

27
Q

pros and cons of a structured interview

A

pros: easy to do, easy to replicate
cons: not flexible, lacks detail

28
Q

pros and cons of unstructured interview

A

pros: more in-depth answers, more flexible, increased validity
cons: may lie for social desirability, expensive for training, time consuming

29
Q

pros and cons of a case study

A

pros: rich data, ecological validity
cons: little control over extraneous variables, small sample isn’t generalisable, researcher can get bias

30
Q

what are the5 sampling methods

A

Random
Systematic
Stratified
Volunteer
Opportunity

31
Q

What is systemic sampling?

A

when every nth member is elected from target population

32
Q

what is stratified sampling

A

Composition reflects population,
broken down into starta to ensure % is the same in the sample

33
Q

what is a covert observation

A

Participants behaviour is watched without their knowledge and consent

34
Q

what is a overt observation

A

Participants behaviour is recorded with their knowledge and consent.

35
Q

What is participant observation

A

researcher becomes a member of the group they are watching

36
Q

what is a naturalist observation

A

watching behaviour in a setting which it would naturally occur

Pschology (1 decks)

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