Research Methods Flashcards
Self-Report Data
Questionnaires- CLOSED QUESTIONS (4)
Rating Scale
Likert Rating Scale
Semantic Rating Scale
Ranked
Self-Report Data
Questionnaires- ISSUES (4)
Social desirability
Question construct
Questionnaire reliability: test- retest, split- half
Questionnaire validity: face, predictive, concurrent
Self- Report Data
Interviews- TYPES (3)
Structured
Unstructured
Semi-structured
Self- Report Data
Interviews- STRENGTHS (3)
Skilled interviewer
Flexibility of questioning
Explanation of questions
Self- Report Data
Interviews- WEAKNESSES (2)
Researcher effects
Self-report embarrassment
Sampling Methods
Random- DESCRIPTION
Every member of target population has equal chance of being selected for sample
Sampling Methods
Random- STRENGTHS (1)
Unlikely to be biased
Sampling Methods
Random- WEAKNESSES (1)
Time consuming
Sampling Methods
Stratified- DESCRIPTION
Proportional representation of the target population
Sampling Methods
Stratified- STRENGTHS (1)
Very representative
Sampling Methods
Stratified- WEAKNESSES (2)
Time consuming
Very difficult
Sampling Methods
Opportunity- DESCRIPTION
Select participants from whoever is available at the time
Sampling Methods
Opportunity- STRENGTHS (3)
Convenient
Really easy and quick
Likely to be ethical
Sampling Methods
Opportunity- WEAKNESSES (1)
Less representative
Sampling Methods
Volunteer- DESCRIPTION
Participants put themselves forward to be in the sample
Sampling Methods
Volunteer- STRENGTHS (2)
Easy to do
Access to variety of people
Sampling Methods
Volunteer- WEAKNESSES (1)
Similar people
Measures of Central Tendency
Mode- STRENGTHS (1)
Not affected by extreme scores
Measures of Central Tendency
Mode- WEAKNESSES (1)
Not useful for small data sets w. frequently occurring same values
Measures of Central Tendency
Median- STRENGTHS (2)
Not affected by extreme scores
Not affected by skewed distribution
Measures of Central Tendency
Median- WEAKNESSES (2)
Less sensitive
Not useful on data sets w. lower number of values
Measures of Central Tendency
Mean- STRENGTHS (1)
Most sensitive so most powerful as all scores in data set used
Measures of Central Tendency
Mean- WEAKNESSES (2)
Can be affected by extreme scores
Can be affected by skewed distribution
Measures of Dispersion
Range- STRENGTHS (1)
Simplest calculation of MoD
Measures of Dispersion
Range- WEAKNESSES (2)
Affected by extreme scores
Doesn’t tell us if numbers are spread equally or bunched together
Measures of Dispersion
Interquartile Range- STRENGTHS (1)
Cuts out any extreme scores
Measures of Dispersion
Standard Deviation- STRENGTHS (2)
Always fixed and well defined
Uses all data
Measures of Dispersion
Standard Deviation- WEAKNESSES (2)
Doesn’t give full range of data
Can be hard to calculate/ time consuming
Thematic Analysis
STEPS (4)
1) Artifact e.g. newspaper, article, script, film
2) Identify Themes e.g. mental health
3) Create Codes e.g. anxiety- stress , PTSD- freezing
4) Tally e.g. each time a code appears to turn qualitative data to quantitative data
Thematic Analysis
STRENGTHS (3)
Gain insider view of field
Suggests possible rel., causes, effects, dynamic processes
Allows for ambiguity/ contradictions in data
Thematic Analysis
WEAKNESSES (3)
Don’t normally draw data from large scale data sets
Problem of adequate validity and reliability
Time required for all steps is lengthy
Ethics
Ethical Code (4)
Respect
Competence
Integrity
Responsibility
Ethics
Ethical Code
Why Do People Always Carry Condoms, Coz Of Disease
Withdraw
Deception
Protection from harm
Advice
Consent
Colleges
Confidentiality
Observational research
Debrief
