Research Methods

Question 1

Self-Report Data
Questionnaires- CLOSED QUESTIONS (4)

Answer 1

Rating Scale
Likert Rating Scale
Semantic Rating Scale
Ranked

Question 2

Self-Report Data
Questionnaires- ISSUES (4)

Answer 2

Social desirability
Question construct
Questionnaire reliability: test- retest, split- half
Questionnaire validity: face, predictive, concurrent

Question 3

Self- Report Data
Interviews- TYPES (3)

Answer 3

Structured
Unstructured
Semi-structured

Question 4

Self- Report Data
Interviews- STRENGTHS (3)

Answer 4

Skilled interviewer
Flexibility of questioning
Explanation of questions

Question 5

Self- Report Data
Interviews- WEAKNESSES (2)

Answer 5

Researcher effects
Self-report embarrassment

Question 6

Sampling Methods
Random- DESCRIPTION

Answer 6

Every member of target population has equal chance of being selected for sample

Question 7

Sampling Methods
Random- STRENGTHS (1)

Answer 7

Unlikely to be biased

Question 8

Sampling Methods
Random- WEAKNESSES (1)

Answer 8

Time consuming

Question 9

Sampling Methods
Stratified- DESCRIPTION

Answer 9

Proportional representation of the target population

Question 10

Sampling Methods
Stratified- STRENGTHS (1)

Answer 10

Very representative

Question 11

Sampling Methods
Stratified- WEAKNESSES (2)

Answer 11

Time consuming
Very difficult

Question 12

Sampling Methods
Opportunity- DESCRIPTION

Answer 12

Select participants from whoever is available at the time

Question 13

Sampling Methods
Opportunity- STRENGTHS (3)

Answer 13

Convenient
Really easy and quick
Likely to be ethical

Question 14

Sampling Methods
Opportunity- WEAKNESSES (1)

Answer 14

Less representative

Question 15

Sampling Methods
Volunteer- DESCRIPTION

Answer 15

Participants put themselves forward to be in the sample

Question 16

Sampling Methods
Volunteer- STRENGTHS (2)

Answer 16

Easy to do
Access to variety of people

Question 17

Sampling Methods
Volunteer- WEAKNESSES (1)

Answer 17

Similar people

Question 18

Measures of Central Tendency
Mode- STRENGTHS (1)

Answer 18

Not affected by extreme scores

Question 19

Measures of Central Tendency
Mode- WEAKNESSES (1)

Answer 19

Not useful for small data sets w. frequently occurring same values

Question 20

Measures of Central Tendency
Median- STRENGTHS (2)

Answer 20

Not affected by extreme scores
Not affected by skewed distribution

Question 21

Measures of Central Tendency
Median- WEAKNESSES (2)

Answer 21

Less sensitive
Not useful on data sets w. lower number of values

Question 22

Measures of Central Tendency
Mean- STRENGTHS (1)

Answer 22

Most sensitive so most powerful as all scores in data set used

Question 23

Measures of Central Tendency
Mean- WEAKNESSES (2)

Answer 23

Can be affected by extreme scores
Can be affected by skewed distribution

Question 24

Measures of Dispersion
Range- STRENGTHS (1)

Answer 24

Simplest calculation of MoD

Question 25

Measures of Dispersion Range- WEAKNESSES (2)

Answer 25

Affected by extreme scores Doesn’t tell us if numbers are spread equally or bunched together

Question 26

Measures of Dispersion Interquartile Range- STRENGTHS (1)

Answer 26

Cuts out any extreme scores

Question 27

Measures of Dispersion Standard Deviation- STRENGTHS (2)

Answer 27

Always fixed and well defined Uses all data

Question 28

Measures of Dispersion Standard Deviation- WEAKNESSES (2)

Answer 28

Doesn’t give full range of data Can be hard to calculate/ time consuming

Question 29

Thematic Analysis STEPS (4)

Answer 29

1) Artifact e.g. newspaper, article, script, film 2) Identify Themes e.g. mental health 3) Create Codes e.g. anxiety- stress , PTSD- freezing 4) Tally e.g. each time a code appears to turn qualitative data to quantitative data

Question 30

Thematic Analysis STRENGTHS (3)

Answer 30

Gain insider view of field Suggests possible rel., causes, effects, dynamic processes Allows for ambiguity/ contradictions in data

Question 31

Thematic Analysis WEAKNESSES (3)

Answer 31

Don’t normally draw data from large scale data sets Problem of adequate validity and reliability Time required for all steps is lengthy

Question 32

Ethics Ethical Code (4)

Answer 32

Respect Competence Integrity Responsibility

Question 33

Ethics Ethical Code Why Do People Always Carry Condoms, Coz Of Disease

Answer 33

Withdraw Deception Protection from harm Advice Consent Colleges Confidentiality Observational research Debrief